Comparison of Northwest Airlines and American Airlines Essay -- Aviati

comparison of Northwest Airlines and American Airlinesglobalization Globalization can be outlined as making orbiculate in scope or operation(1). In this comparison of the world(prenominal) corporate culture of Northwest Airlines and American Airlines several areas impart be addressed. The strength of the global culture with-in the companies. The sound of the company to the global marketplace, and the adaptive ness or the empowerment of the employees will be examined and compared. Perhaps more important, than whether they currently have a global atmosphere, is whether they can improve or create this atmosphere. A comparison mingled with the two airlines will be made on their mission statements, breeding dissemination, global-mindedness, career paths, and the use of cultural differences as an asset and if a worldwide training system is in place. A conclusion will past be made as to which corporation has the best organizational piece of writing to compete in the global m arket. The strength of Northwest and Americans global culture can be compared by evaluating how well they facilitate per leapance(2,546). some(prenominal) of the corporations employees, it may be argued, have the ordinary remainder of wanting their company to expand and continue to grow in the global market. It could also be argued that the companies differ, in significant ways, when it comes to the motivating effect this common goal has. Northwest have the appearance _or_ semblances to be better propel in obtaining this goal. Examples of this motivated corporate culture are illustrated by the fact that they were pioneers in global on the wholeiances(3) and in the fact that they have committed major enthronizations, in the form of hub cities, in both Tokyo and Amsterdam. American, on the other hand, does not seem to be as motivated by the goal of expansion in the global market. Although they have alliances with several international carriers, the number of alliances is n ot as large as Northwests. The recent acquisition of TWA, by American (4), may help to expand their global culture, due to the greater basis this acquired asset has in the global market. In addition the financial investment that Northwest has shown in the global market is lacking in American. The and hub, questionably, outside of the U.S. is in San Juan, Puerto Rico (4). American seems to concentrate its strength at bottom the U.S., which may have a stifling effect on globaliza... ...y increases, all of which are received positively by employees. Whenever possible, managers should select engineering science that increases workers science requirements. Providing effective training about ways to use the new technology is innate. Training helps employees perceive that they control the technology rather than being controlled by it. The training should be designed to match workers needs, and it should increase the workers sense of hyponymy of the new technology. Mangers face a substantial challenge in lede organizations to adopt new technologies more humanely and effectively. Technological changes are essential for earnings growth and for expanded employment opportunities. The adoption of new technologies is small determinant of American and Northwest Airlines in the global marketplace.Works Cited1. Merriam - Webster Dictionary. www. M-W.com . Globalization2. Debra L. Nelson & James Campbell Quick. (2003). Organizational Behavior, Fourth Edition. Thomson. Pages 539 - 5593. Northwest Airlines. www. NWA.com . Company Overview4. American Airlines . www. AMRcorp.com . AMR corporate Information

Utilitarianism – Act and Rule

develop the differences between Act and Rule Utilitarianism Since it began, there have been two important exponents of Utilitarianism. They atomic number 18 Jeremy Bentham and J S Mill, and both of them base their own individual theories on the principle of utility, which defines something (an act, etc) dependent on if it achieves the superior merriment for the greatest number. This makes Utilitarianism a relativistic and consequentialist argument, as it takes into account only the end of events rather than the act itself as delegacy to determine whether it is true/right.Also it holds no absolutes it takes the best interests of the greatest number of people no matter if the mode of doing reckons morally wrong. Bentham and Mill were both world(a)ly harmonious in their arrangement that the general happiness of a human being is linked to their individualised fulfillment of amusement. Nevertheless, the two clashed when it came down to the arrangement of what true pleasu re is, and whether it holds assorted values under different circumstances. It was due to this that Bentham started Act Utilitarianism.Bentham thought that situations were to be treated completely differently to any and every other situation, and substantial the Hedonistic Calculus as a means of measuring the pleasure and unhinge of those directly involved in it. The calculus consists of seven aspects which Bentham believed could solution to whether something is pleasurable/painful or not they are Purity, Remoteness, Richness, Intensity, Certainty, Extend and Duration. It is mathematical for me to use an example to make this all seem clearer. There are five sadistic guards in a prison who dont like the reinvigorated inmate and want to give him a roughing up.One can argue that the pain the inmate will suffer is huge (purity) but the calculus is think on quantity rather than quality. Also, the happiness of the guards will be finish due to their sadistic means of pleasurement ( certainty) however, the guards might get caught and sacked which in turn makes them sad in the end, but perhaps they dont then the pleasure of the guards outweighs the pain that the inmate faces and therefore under these guidelines I think that Bentham would swan yeah, go ahead and allow the bullying and assault to happen.Benthams democratic and egalitarianistic admission meant that he believed nobodys pleasures are greater than anyone elses, and that they are all equal so we cant say that they count for more. This meant that Bentham was purely focus on the quantitative locating of the pleasure. It was here where Mill and Bentham came to a disagreement, as Mill however focused on the qualitative aspects of the pleasure, famously saying it is better to be Socrates dissatisfy than a pig satisfied. This meant understanding that there are differences that moldiness(prenominal) be acknowledged between higher(prenominal) and lower pleasures.He thought that higher pleasures consisted of the intellectual aspects of humans rather than the animalistic, such as reading to still your knowledge, listening to fine music and painting art. The aforementioned animalistic pleasures (lower) guess from the physical side of life, such as eating, drinking and indulging in sexual acts. This approach can be seen as elitist by some, which means that full excellence can only be realised by the mature males of the upper class within society natural amongst the past Greek Philosophers that preceeded Bentham and Mill, such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.As advocator to Rule Utilitarianism, Mills calculation order again differentiates from Benthams hedonistic calculus. Rather than Benthams quantitative approach, Mill looks at it in an alternative way, observing the various implications of the act. Mills interpretation is that there are general rules within society that should be followed as they create the greatest happiness for the greatest good for all those in society. This at first does seem very logical, but then again it begins to defy the basis on which Utilitarianisms foundations are layed down, which is a relativist and consequentialist theory.And this is where strong and weak rules comes into the frame. Mill never onces says must as regards to the rules he would involve as he perceives his judgment upon whether something is good or bad or what should occur within a special(prenominal) situation, which can be seen as his defence to remaining relativist, however a new term must be enforced to separate his understanding with the likes of a hedonist such as Bentham, hence the term universalisability.

Pentium history and specifications

Pentium Intel released its buffer Pentium mainframe computer, also known as the Pentium 1, on shew 22, 1993. The Pentium 1 replaced the Inte1486 as Intels mainstream micro mainframe for personal computing applications. While the Pentium 1 processors were specifically designed for use in desktop computers, later members of the Pentium family could accommodate laptops and separate mobile devices. Reviewing some of the Pentium 1 s specifications can help you relegate understand the microprocessors capabilities.The line Pentium is originally derived from the Greek word pente (TlvtE), meaning volt (as the original Pentium processors used Intels fifth- genesis microarchitecture, the PS), and the Latin ending -ium. The current Pentium processors only treat the name just are in fact based on the same processor chips that are used in the Intel Core but are typically used with a lower clock frequency, a partially disabled L3 cache and some of the advanced features such as hyper- threa ding and virtualization disabled.History The original Pentium branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or 1586, to follow he naming convention of previous generations (286, 1386, 1486). However, as the company wanted to keep back their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their Am486), Intel attempted to file a trademark on the name in the United States, only to be denied because a serial of numbers was not considered distinct. 3 Following Intels previous serial of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors, the companys first PS-based microprocessor was released as the original Intel Pentium on March 22, 1993.Marketing firm Lexicon stigmatisation was hired to coin a name for the new processor. The affix -ium was elect as it could connote a fundamental ingredient of a computer, analogous a chemical element,4 while the prefix pent- could refer to the fifth generation of x86. 3 Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intels roadmaps,56 only to re-emerge in 2007. 7 In 1998, Intel introduced the Celeron8 brand for cheap microprocessors.With the 2006 introduction of the Intel Core brand as the companys new flagship line of processors, the Pentium series was to be discontinued. However, due to a demand for mid-range dual-core processors, the Pentium brand was re-purposed to be Intels mid-range processor series, in between the Celeron and Core series, continuing with the Pentium Dual- Core line. 91011 In 2009, the Dual-core suffix was dropped, and new x86 microprocessors started carrying the plain Pentium name again. Specs clock SpeedThe original Intel Pentium 1 central processor could operate with a clock speed of either 66 MHZ or 60 MHZ. Bus speed refers to the speed at which a microprocessors front-side bus or FSB can transmit data simultaneously. An FSB is the digital pathway that connects a microprocessor to the other components comprising a computers motherboard. The high a microprocessors bus speed, the faster it can communicate with the rest of a computer system. The original, 1993 Intel Pentium 1 Processor could provide bus speeds of 66 megacycle and 60 MHz, while the 1994 Pentium 1 could provide bus speeds of 6 MHZ, 60 MHZ and 50 MHZ.Manufacturing Process Intel manufactured the original Intel Pentium 1 Processor using an 0. 8-micron, bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor or BiCMOS roofy. This circuit integrates bipolar and CMOS transistors, allowing the Pentium 1 to perform faster and with more processing function than it could if using one type of transistor over the other. The later, 1994 version of the Pentium 1 also used BiCMOS technology. However, the size of this microprocessors BiCMOS circuit was smaller, at either 0. or 0. 35 microns depending on the specific model.Transistor Count The original Intel Pentium 1 Processor has a transistor coun t of 3. 1 million, while the 1994 version had a transistor count of 3. 3 million. The number of transistors a microprocessor has correlates positively to how interlocking that microprocessors integrated circuit is. A higher degree of circuit complexity translates to a higher processing performance. Storage Specs Both the original and 1994 Pentium 1 processors had Level 1 cache storage capacities f 8kB and available memory storage capacities of 46B.Also known as the primordial cache, the Ll cache is a small, integrated storage location that a microprocessor can use to blood line and rapidly-access commonly-accessed data. Storing data in an Ll cache increases processing time by eliminating the require for the microprocessor to communicate directly with a computers primary memory. Addressable memory, instead of do copies of actual data like an Ll cache, searches for data in a computers primary memory and then makes copies of that datas location.

Strategic Management and Swot Analysis

Contents I. INTRODUCTION a. Brand Extension for LOREAL II. LITERATURE REVIEW a. Ansoff Matrix b. dress up depth psychology c. BCG Matrix III. pondering STATEMENT IV. REFERENCES Brand Extension for LOREAL Brand extension takes enthrone whenever a follow wants to enter a saucy commercialise by using the name of one of its existing scratchs, rather than using a new one. Especi exclusivelyy the luxury ara takes advantage of its well-known brand names when it comes to launching new returns into new grocery stores (Kapferer, 2008, p. 295).The popularity of brand extension system is due to the belief that it leads to spiriteder consumer trial than the use of a new brand name because of the aw atomic number 18ness levels of the brand name being leveraged (Keller, 2003, p. 582). LOreal as a global brand is known for high fiber cosmetic peachys like make-up and hair bursting charge intersections for women, men and kids. Its guardianship Beauty for only connects with the compa nys slogan Because youre worth it, which is utilise in nearly every single LOreal advertisement.To identify all the assorted wares of the brands portfolio they utilize the same logo for all of their greats by adapting to the specific field (LOreal homepage, 2012). Considering LOreals range of mountains of good appearance we decided to extend the brand by entering a new merchandise with a new product. The diversification LOreal station should be bug outd in the customer products area with a mug group of professional women. The leather shoes should be available for meat to high income consumers. Though the price is affordable for this group of customers the quality is even so high.With this strategy we want to cover the needs of the existing customers and reach fall out for new potential clients. On one hand we intend to change magnitude our sales and profits on the other(a) hand we use the good reputation of LOreal to get our new product connected to the determine of t he umbrella brand. To make sure that we created a new logo retentivity the traditional LOreal garner with a reference to the shoe sector as shown in (image 1). Meanwhile, we forecast that LOreal shoes can lace the global brand in future.Image 1 Traditional LOreal letters mentioning the new sector Brief Literature Review Before put surmisal into practice every company needs to consider its natural and external situation. In this part, three marketing theories will be utilize to LOREAL. These are The Ansoff matrix, the SWOT analysis and the BCG matrix. Ansoff matrix is a precedent that helps firms to outline the range of marketing options open to them (Riley, 2012). LOreal shoes sort as a diversification was made according to the Ansoff matrix.A diversification is depict as a new product for a new market. LOreal added shoes to its existing product range, left the skin and hair care market and entered the new footwear area. Image 2 Ansoff matrix With the SWOT Analysis we coul d discover our strengths and weaknesses, and identify both the opportunities and the threats for LOreal. In other words, as Renault stated A SWOT is to reveal positive forces that break away together and potential problems that need to be addressed or at least recognized.Comparing the strengths to the weaknesses for LOreal shoes we constitute to mention that the miscellany of suppliers and the competitive quality price relation of the product overweight the absent expertise in the shoe sector. The opportunity of using the strong image of LOreal and the fact that there are no other nerve center price shoes in our own umbrella brand product range can be employ to attract new customers. winning into account that the economic situation has changed and people are not involuntary to spend as much as they did before the recession took place (Price, 2012).Using the BCG Matrix a company can recognize if a product is profitable or not. It can be helpful if a company has to decide wheth er investing additional resources in a certain product or services. There are four categories developed to the relative market share and market growth rate star, cash cow, poor dog, interrogative sentence mark (Lu Zhao, 2006). A star is a product with a high market share and a high market growth rate. With this pattern of product the company gains revenue. Therefore, a star can be used to support weaker sectors. These products with a low market growth rate and a low market share are called poor dogs.Cash cows are well-established with a high market share but as the market growth rate is low the company has to be aware of bound opportunities. Those limitations do not exist for question marks as they are located in high growth markets with a low market share. These unknown new products like Loreal shoes do have the potential to establish and become stars or even cash cows. In future they could be able to promote weaker sectors and create a tradeoff (Lu Zaho, 2006) I found anothe r website to reference these two paragraphs From which website did you get this? gt check to the Internet Center for Management and cable Administration (2012) the BSG matrix is limited. The different products in a companys portfolio cannot be taken as independent they are related to each other. This has to be taken into attachment when it comes to the question whether you keep or you eliminate a product. Reflective report To develop the topic we firstly did some research about the translation of brand extension and LOreal as a company.We discovered that creating a brand extension for LOreal is a difficult task as the umbrella brand already covers a lot of sectors in the watcher and care area. We thought about a product that would fit into the go-aheads image of beauty and decided to choose shoes for old professional women. We looked into several marketing theories to support our decision such as the SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix, and the BCG matrix. However, we discovered th at The SWOT analysis is the most helpful theory for our research.Since LOREAL shoes classified as diversification, the SWOT analysis helped us to discover our brands current strengths and weaknesses as well as the potential opportunities and threats that we might find in the future. This made it easier for us to frame our brands short term and long term goals. References Collett, S. (1999). Business Planning, E-journal of SWOT Analysis, 33(29), 58. Retrieved November 05, 2012, from http//jr3tv3gd5w. search. serialssolutions. com/ Hussey, D. (1999). strategic Change, E-journal of Igor Ansoffs Continuing Contribution to Strategic Management, 8(7), 05.Retrieved November 06, 2012, from http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/(SICI)1099-1697(199911)87%3C375AID-JSC462%3E3. 0. CO2-U/pdf Kapferer, J. N. (2008). The New Strategic Brand Management Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking. London Kogan Page. Keller, Kevin L. (2003). Strategic Brand Management. (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle Ri ver, NJ learner Hall. Lu, H. & Zhao, L. (2006). INTEGRATING GIS AND BCG MODEL FOR MARKETING STRATEGIC PLANNING. 14(18), 02-04. Retrieved November 06, 2012, from http//iceb. nccu. edu. tw/proceedings/APDSI/2006/718-725. df Price, E. (2012). A reduction in European over-consumption will be undone by any Eurozone solution. Retrieved November 01, 2012, from http//blogs. lse. ac. uk/europpblog/2012/07/23/eurozone-over-consumption/ Riley, J. (2012). Ansoff Matrix. Retrieved November 07, 2012, from http//www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm Renault, V. (n. d. ). SWOT Analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Retrieved November 08, 2012, from http//ctb. ku. edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1049. aspx

What is terrorism

There is really no specified and on point definition beca drop It could mean deferent things to incompatible people and different countries. Because of that being, terrorism could be absolutely anything. Every good thing for matchless person has a bad side for another person and what is considered doing the business thing to one country, how It affects another country could be taken as terrorism. All In all terrorism Is all astir(predicate) perspective.The historied quote, One mans terrorist Is another mans freedom fighter. (http//BBC. Co. UK) 9/1 1 and the charter are two examples of terrorism In the narration of the united States. 9/1 1 was one of the intimately tragic events In the history of the united States and possibly the largest form of terrorism we have ever experienced. For most people when they hear the word terrorism they Instantly think of 911 1 when the twin towers of the world trade center were destroyed by planes flew by Iranians who organized and high jacked the planes.The ASK, or the Cruel Klutz Klan, was a group of snow-covered men who were organized a gullst black people across the country. Terrorism has been about since 1789 and it has always been about the same thing. The purpose is to get attention to gain power, economic wealth, or political wealth. This could be an act of pretty lots anything at all but most people usually use the highest form of danger or chaos. In my opinion, terrorism is when someone threatens or endangers someone or their life in order to gain power, ranking, or wealth.

Bluefield health plan Essay

fore electric car employees were opting for their wellness redress policy project. Arc electric automobile had expanded their workforce due to which more(prenominal) employees were enrolling for Bluefields health insurance plan for the benefits. But when Bluefield released that the utilization of their physician run had hugely subjoind in the last 6 calendar months because of which their profits were being affected, they had to set out out the cause for this.Soon they realized that the main cause for the increase in the utilization of their physician serve was the increase in the make out of new employees who were opting for the health insurance plan. Exhibit 1 clearly shows that the material body of Arc Electric employees using Bluefields Health insurance plan has increased from 3912 in July, 2006 to 4137 in August, 2006. Thus, in only one month the increase has been of 225 people, which is comparatively quite high.Also, in 2006, the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for inpatient and outpatient hospital services were 203425 and 182440 in July and 212250 and 180700 in August, and for running(a) services were 101250 and 103400 in July and August. Thus, the total cost incurred for hospital services and running(a) services were 487115 and 496350 in July and August. While on the other top the total cost incurred by Arc Electric for visits to physicians office was only 337900 and 391450 in July and August.Therefore we can try that the leaving is almost of 147215 and 104900 in July and August. As Bluefields condense with Arc Electric was about to expire the next month, they had to renegotiate the terms in their contract with Arc Electric and request for an increase in their agiotage yard in order to maintain their profit. They had realized that the main reason for their wearing away of profits was the increasing number of Arc Electric employees who had opted for their health insurance plan.But, Bluefield were also aware of the fact that durin g renegotiations if they tried to increase the fixed support which they charged any employee of Arc Electric per month, then they whitethorn correct to do anymore business with them and sign a contract with about other health insurance company. This, Bluefield was non ready to risk. Thus, Bluefield wanted the mental faculty members and directors to devise a renegotiating strategy which they could present before Arc Electric and maintain their contract with them while at the same time see to it that their profitability remains at par.After much consideration and results from mingled studies, including Exhibit 1, the employees of Bluefield realized that scarcely by increasing their copayment charges they will not be able to bring about a decrease in the number of physician visits since people do not actu everyy bid to visit the physicians but rather do it in order to remain healthy and fit. The only way they can reduce their costs is by paying less to their health care provi ders, like the physicians.Thus, they first postulate to negotiate with the physicians and ask them to decrease the costs of services supplied by them. If they simply asked the physicians to lower their cost of service by around 10% or 25% they might do it with the fear that they may loose all of their patients and also be left out of Bluefields health insurance plan. But this may have certain negative effects as in return of a lower fee per visit the physicians may also lessen the quality of care that they give to their clients. This is the reason wherefore Bluefield required a further analysis of physicians visit.Out of the $250 fixed bountifulness that Bluefield charged each employee of Arc Electric every month, the total premium revenue was portioned out as 55% for the hospital and surgical services and 30% for the physician visits. Thus while $137. 5 went for the hospital and surgical services only $75 went in for the physician visits. Thus for every premium collected, the pr ofitability of hospital and surgical services was almost $62. 5 more than the profitability of the physician services. Thus, when compared to physicians services, hospital and surgical services have a profitability of almost 45% more than the former.

Explain the reasons for the fall of the Romanovs

Explain the rea male childs for the fall of the Romanovs The cause of the fall of the Romanov dynasty in 1917 was a result of long-term causes including czar black lov climb ons inability to satisfy his people and Tsar Nicholas IIs inability to rule to throne all together. The Bloody Sunday event, the struggle with Ger more, Rasputin and Tsars handsome endings was too some of the causes which lead the Romanovs to fall. It all began in 1894 when Alexander Ill, died leaving his son Nicholas II to become the tsar of Russia at the age of 26. Nicholas was married toAlexander the princess of Germany which they had 5 children, 4 girls and a boy. The only son Alexis was innate(p) with hemophilia. Russia was a huge country with millions of extremely poor farming peasants. These peasants lived vile lives, many were starting to wonder why the tsar had all the wealthiness and they had none. In 1905 Russian Revolution was sparked off by a unruffled protest held on January 22nd. Thousand s of demonstrators such as students, factory workers, revolutionaries, doctors and teachers marched through the low temperature and snow c all overed streets of StPetersburg to Winter Palace to protest about their lifestyle, led by a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Gapon. When the peaceful protestors arrived they were confronted by troops, which they fired on the crowd. After the firing had finished several nose candy protestors lay dead, this event was called Bloody Sunday. In 1907 Nicholas and Alexander had asked a priest called Gregory yefimovich also known as Rasputin, to help pray and care for their son Alexis when he became sick. He was the representation of everything that was wrong in the Russian autocracy, corrupt, and rrational.He was also considered an alcoholic, dirty charlatan who held control over millions of peoples lives, even though Russia had a fairly capable bureaucracy and thousands of well-educated, highly cultured nobles who were interested in local governme nt and the rule of law. In 1914 Russia had entered in WWI, repairing the division amongst the tsar and his people. Russia was not welled prepared, they still wasnt industrialized. They were fighting with swords, cannons, and horses against machine guns.It was very exhausting to get medicine, ammunition, and even food to the ront of the armies because railways were incomplete and Just stopped in the beginning reaching their supposed destination, the result caused many soldiers to starve. During this war Russia had lost over one million people as casualties and POWs. Militarily, it wasnt going too bad until in 191 5 Nicholas had decided to deliberate control of the army himself. It was Rasputins and Alexandras advice that caused Nicholas to take personal control of the Russian Army, which wasnt a good idea as he had no military strategic training.He travelled to the army military headquarters in Mogilev, 500km way from Petrograd which led to Tsar Wife Alexander in charge while he was away at war. This caused stir surrounded by tsar and his people due to tsar not using the cash to help the poor but spending all their money on war. The Germans ended up overthrowing the Russians that people started to think Nikolas and Alexandra were German spies who were sabotaging the war effort. In conclusion the fall of where all peasants marched peacefully but concluded with many deaths, Rasputin and how he convinced tsar to do things, and the tsar bad decision associated also with WW1 against Germany.

Cultural Influences on Social Cognition and Behavior Essay

There was one time a time when I met a Filipino family in the park. The well-nigh famous hospitality of Filipinos was showed to me. They gain invited me to join them for snacks something that a typical Ameri discount would not do pull down to fellow American. However, these mint became friendly to me even though they know that I am not among their own race. I was able to identify with them because I consume get laidd the real centerfield of having a family, something I am not seeing in well-nigh American families.With that encounter, they have thought me to also be concern with oppositewise people. More than that, they have showed me that we can unite amid cultural differences and that we can depone people even at the rootage meeting and through that we can have connections. I found this influences to easy come to my senses and being because I have been observing families in my own community and I have not found anyone or family as hospitable as them. That is because I was able to identify with them.I was vulnerable because it was my first time to experience such hospitability from other people who possess different shade other than what I have been practicing. Americans have become very individualistic and have failed to show such culture to other people even in our own kind. I was able to process my thoughts and feelings in terms of traffic with other cultures because I have experience another culture first hand, more than what I can read from books and periodicals.What I have experienced and learned through the encounter is definitely a positive influence. Because their culture has encouraged me to learn more about other cultures and practices of other people and they have helped me understand the differences of cultures. Reference Huitt, W. (2006). Social cognition. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA Valdosta State University. Retrieved May 13, 2008 from http//chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/soccog/soccog. html.

A Short Analytical Paper of Abraham Lincoln’s “a House Divided” Essay

The House Divided Speech was addressed by Abraham Lincoln on June 1958. He delivered the speech upon his acceptance of Illinois Republican ships companys nomi land as the senator of the state. Thus the speech became a really substantial launching campaign for his success in politics thereof giving him a national limelight that saw him in the elections to the organization in 1860.The speech primarily addressed on the issue of thralldom in America. Abraham Lincoln delivered his speech aimed at establishing his strong beliefs towards the acts of thraldom. The speech was likewise meant to point out a differentiating factor of beliefs from Stephen Douglas and the rest of the top governmental officials who seemed to practice corruption in their transactions.According to Abraham Lincoln, A House divided up against itself cannot stand. This was the major(ip) crucial theme of Abraham Lincolns speech. From this important statement,Licoln meant that the American nation could not in wha tever terms or state face a positive excerption phase when it was collected of a state of half- thralldom and half-free. He meant that solely one of those two states could only exist. Thus his bold statement was that he expected that the ingredient that existed had to lay off so as to embrace success and good governance.Lincolns speech helped rouse to the people of America the recognition of the extent to which slavery had gone. Lincolns speech is still relevant in this twenty-first century in that even today, each nation should embrace angiotensin-converting enzyme in all its undertakings whether political, social and economic. He believed that the ideals of a nation with exemption for all could not have a chance of coexistence whether socially, morally or in legal terms under one nation. Thus slavery should either be accepted among all people or be universally denied.A universal truth is expirely bears a clear significance from Lincolns statement to the extent that such a s tatement even pervades a lot of importance to the modern confederacy and even the governments in power today.Such relevance can be clearly seen in the experiences in Sudan. Continued irreconcilable differences in civilisation and godliness against the people of Sudan saw in the southern Sudan seceding to become the republic of South Sudan. Such success for secession bears credit from the prophetic work of Abraham Lincoln. A division had always existed in the midst of the people from Northern Sudan who were associated with Muslim religion and the people from the Southern Sudan who were associated with Christianity. This scenario bred a situation of ethnic and cultural differences amidst the two states to the extent where secession could be avoided.Even today, the American nation is still faced with challenging political divisions and differences especially between the parties of the Republicans and the Democrats. The un pull up stakesingness of the two parties to arise to com promised solutions has always been evident in most of the major upstart crises facing the nation. Clear evidence is the recent crisis on the debt capital where the Republicans were on the favor of maintaining cuts on spending as opposed to the Democrats who were advocating for an append in taxes so as to increase revenue collection in the country. Further differences saw a compromised situation of debt ceiling being arrived at as the solution. This led to the country facing an economic disaster as a turn up of the oppositions from the two strong political parties.In the recent world, the institution of mating can be compared to the speech of Abraham Lincoln. Marriage is a union of two people who are bound to each other(a) by law. Division is prone to occur in a marriage situation in typeface of a divorce. For the married partners to embrace endured togetherness and bingle in their marriage, they must appreciate common interests of concerns in their practices. In case one of the partners dissent from the unity and togetherness set up, the marriage is susceptible to division brought about by breaking of the legal bonds that hold the marriage partnership in unison. Continued lack of an amicable compromised solution between the two at odds(p) partners will thus lead to separation. Continued separation will see the two partners seek a divorce in a court of law and the marriage will fail completely. Most marriages forthwith are failing as a result of continued disagreements of interests between the married couple.As per words of Lincoln that a divide preindication cannot stand, thus the divided marriage partnership cannot even endure survival thus it breaks up.Even today, divisions in groups have been as a result of continued differences among the uniting groups. Humans have a tendency to course towards the protection of their interests aid favors of their perceived groups. Such favourism makes them prophesy fully for their interests posing a challengin g argue side to the interests of their unperceived groups. Many nations today are faced with such opposing groups having differing interests and ideals. nation advocating for similar ideals tend to farm strong ties of loyalty and even alliances creating a boundary to the opposing group or alliance. The existence of the two opposing groups as a whole sees each group maintain conflicting interests. Continued disagreement leads to one group conquer the other resulting to a failing side and a winning side. Ultimately such results create division in the nations.Thus, Abraham Lincolns works from the speech A House Divided bears a lot of significance and relevance in our modern world.

Thermochemistry Laboratory Report Essay

AbstractThe purposes of these three experimentations be to determine the heat capacity of a calorimeter and with that selective in formattingion, confirm Hesss righteousness and observe enthalpy removes within replys. By measuring the change in temperature that occurs with the interaction of twain different reactants, we were able to determine both the calorimeter aeonian and the change in enthalpy of a hug drugding(p) response. The results were rather entangled, as some numbers more(prenominal) closely resembled the theoretical set than others did. institutionThe first experiment is devoted to rise uping the calorimeter constant for a polystyrene cup. Whenever a reaction takes place inside a calorimeter, some heat is befuddled to the calorimeter and its surroundings. In order to achieve maximum accuracy, we must know scarce how a lot heat will be lost, so that the results of the next ii experiments will be as correct as possible. The equation utilize to determine it is a simple manipulation of the everywhereall heat of the reaction equation, which is Overall Heat = (Sp.Ht. hot body of urine * people of urine * budge in temperature) + (Sp.Ht. coolwater * Mass of water * permute in temperature) + (Cp calorimeter * Change in temperature) Since an flaw is determine to happen during the observational process, three unhurriednesss were d genius to keep an eye on an modal(a). This experiment is springy to the success of the following twain thermochemistry experiments.The second experiment, entitled Hesss Law, is a simple confirmation of said law. To do so, we take three reactions, where one of them is the corresponding as the other two, and measure the heats of reaction for each of them. Hesss Law states that the heat of reaction of the one reaction should equal to the jibe of the heats of reaction for the other two. The three reactions employ in this experiment be (1) NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)(2) NaOH(s) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H2 O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (3) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) In order to find the heat released by each reaction, we use a variant of the overall heat of a reaction equation, which was q = Sp.Ht. * m * Change in temp.. In addition to finding the change in enthalpy, change in entropy was also figure development theoretical determines in given reference tables. Finally, the overall free energy released was measured using the equation Change in free energy = Change in enthalpy (Temperature * Change in entropy). All of this is then utilise to verify Hesss Law by calculating the portion erroneous belief involved in the experiment.The terzetto experiment, called Thermochemistry Acid + Base, combines the concepts of the previous two experiments. The main concept is to observe the change in enthalpy that results from the various reactions surrounded by strong and weak acids and shanks. There were four reactions used in this experiment, and they argon(1) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)(2) HCl(aq) +NH3(aq) NH4Cl(aq)(3) HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l)(4) HC2H3O2(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4C2H3O2(aq)By monitoring the change in temperature that results from the reaction of an acid and a base, it is possible to calculate the overall energy for each reaction, also cognise as H rxn/mole of limiting reactant. This data-based value drop be comp ard with the theoretical to determine how accurate the experiment was. The lower the percent fallacy, the more accurate we were at calculating the energy involved in each reaction.ExperimentalIn order to do any calculation for energy, we first had to find the calorimeter constant. In order to do that, we first took and weighed a polystyrene cup (our calorimeter) and added approximately vitamin C g of warm water to it. The material measurements are recorded in Table 1-1. The mass of the cup with the water in it were recorded to find the exact mass of the water added. Nex t, a cylinder was weighed, like the cup, and well-nigh 48 mL of cool water was added. The total was weighed and recorded in the same table. Afterwards, temperature sensors connected through a LabPro device were suspended in the two containers and the computing machines DataMate course of study was used to record temperature over a 90 second judgment of conviction interval. After a few seconds of entropy collection from the separate liquids, they were abstruse  together and stirred with the sensors until there was no period left. By using Graphical Analysis, a graph of the selective information was printed, displaying temperature vs. judgment of conviction. Tangent lines were drawn on the graph in order to determine the initial and net temperatures of the two liquids. The above procedure was repeated two more times for the pastime of precision. Finally, we calculated the calorimeter constant using the command listed in the Introduction section. stock-still though we conducted an experiment to find the heat capacity of a calorimeter, we were given a new value for the constant for experiment 2, due to inaccuracy in our results. For the lab called Hesss Law, we first started by setting up the calculator to collect temperature data again. The procedure is the same as the one used in the last experiment, except that the time interval is set to 4 minutes. Next, we obtain a polystyrene cup to use as our calorimeter and fill it with 100 g of water. The cup is laid within a 250-mL beaker to keep it in a sustained environment. A temperature sensor is placed in the water and is stabilized. Then, we obtained solid NaOH and weighed ab erupt 2 grams to the nearest thousandth decimal point. This value is recorded, along with all other data in Table 2-1. Afterwards, data collection begins and after ab start 15 seconds, the NaOH is added to the water. The resulting resultant role is stirred for the season of the time interval and by using Graphical Analysis a graph is produced. This procedure is repeated twice more for 0.5 M HCl in place of water for one trial, and then 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M NaOH solution for the third trial. All of the measurements are recorded in the table mentioned above.For the final experiment, the procedure is very similar to its predecessors. We began by initializing the LabPro and DataMate to collect temperature data over time (this time it is a 180 second interval). First, we measure as close as we idler to 50 g of a base of our choice in a 100-mL graduated cylinder. A temperature sensor is placed in the cylinder. Next, we weighed 100 g of a chosen acid in the calorimeter. The calorimeter is placed in a 1000-mL beaker for stability and a temperature sensor is submerge in the acid. After the sensors have a chance to equilibrate, we started to collect data. When about 15 seconds have passed, we poured the base into the calorimeter with the acid and stirred for the duration of the time with both sensors. The n, when time was up, we used Graphical Analysis to print the resulting temperature vs. time graph. This processed is repeated three more times until every faction of strong and weak acids and bases is used.AnalysisThe data we recorded for the first experiment appears to be accurate, though drawing tangent lines to find final and initial points has its inherent inaccuracy. Using the ordinance discussed in the introduction, our equation turned out like the following0 = (47.166 g * 4.184 J/gC * 16.561 C) + (98.874 g * 4.184 J/gC * -9.4139 C) + (Cp calorimeter * -9.4139 C)Cp calorimeter = -66.522 J/CThe average of the three obtained values is as simple as adding them all together and dividing by three, the number of values, which looked like this (-66.522 + 348.619 + 225.669)/3 = 169.255 J/C. This number is much higher than the default value we were given for the next lab, which was only 15.0 J/C.For the Hesss Law experiment, the numbers looked much better. The first thing we did wit h the data was solve for the change in temperature, which was just final temperature deduction initial temperature. The result gave us something like this 23.9 C 19 C = 4.9 C. Second, we calculated the heat released by each equation, which is shown as this q = Sp.Ht. * m * tq = 4.18 J/gC * 99.524 g * 4.9 Cq = -2.038 kJThen, the heat lost to the calorimeter was calculated using the formula q = Cp * t. From that, we found that q = 15.0 J/C * 4.9 C = -0.0735 kJ. Next, the total H was found by adding both values of q above, which just equals -2.1115 kJ. In order to find H/mol NaOH, we had to find how many moles were used in each reaction based on the mass of NaOH weighed and recorded in Table 2-1. The format for finding the number of moles looked like the following 2.0810 g NaOH * (1 mol NaOH / 40 g NaOH) = 0.052 mol NaOH. This value is used to split up the H to find the H/mol NaOH value, which equaled -40.606 kJ/mol. Using the H of Reaction 2 as the theoretical value, and th e combined H values of Reactions 1 and 3, we can find out our percent error, which is shown below as% error = abs ((theoretical experimental) / theoretical) * 100% error = abs ((79.56 94.87) / 79.56) * 100% error = 19.24 %The above values can all be found on Table 2-1. The above process was repeated with data collected from the whole class, which yielded a 14.47 % error. Finally, using theoretical numbers, we calculated H, S, and G for reaction 2. For the first two, a similar equation of sum of products minus sum of reactants equals H and S respectively. G is calculated using the formula in the introduction, which looked like G = -98.8 298(0.0580) = -116.062 kJ/mol.With the data collected in the third experiment a multitude of calculations were carried out. All of the following data can be found in Table 3-1. First, we solved for H rxn, which is the same as the overall heat equation described in the introduction. The calculation looked liked the followingH rxn = (4.184 J/gC * 98 .781 g * 4.35 C) + (4.184 J/gC * 48.5133 g * 4.0 C) + (15.0 J/C * 4.35 C)H rxn = -2.68 kJNext, we needed to calculate the limiting reactant for each reaction, which was just the reactant that yielded the least product. The regularity for determining it is like so98.781 g HCl * (1 mol HCl / 36 g HCl) * (1 mol NaCl / 1 mol HCl) * (1 g NaCl / 1 mol NaCl) = 2.744 g NaCl48.5153 g NaOH * (1 mol NaOH / 40 g NaOH) * (1mol NaCl / 1 mol NaOH) * (1 g NaCl / 1 mol NaCl) = 1.213 g NaCl Then, we take the H rxn above and divide it by the moles of limiting reactant, which we discovered above (since each solution is 1.0 M, the moles used is the number of grams divided by 1000). This new H rxn / moles of limiting reactant is the experimental value to becompared to the theoretical value obtained with given numbers. Comparing these two values using the % error equation above, the % error of one of the reactions comes out to be just 1.25%. The rest of the numbers can be observed in Table 3-2. This con cludes all of the calculations that were involved in all of the experiments. completionThe results of this experiment were a mix of both very accurate and nowhere close. For the first experiment, the values for the calorimeter constant were very imprecise, ranging from negative values to ten times greater than the theoretical 15.0 J/C. This is most likely due to a series of miscalculations and human error. In experiment two, the numbers were far more favorable, with a 19.24 % error for our data and a 14.47 % error for the unblemished class. This number still seems too high to justify the verification of Hesss Law and should probably be redone with more care in consistently measuring reactants, but other than that, the experiment was completed well enough. The results for the final experiment are also quite mixed. While some experimental values had only a 1.25 % error, others were grossly erroneous with about 65.1 % error. The most inaccurate data was the ones collected for the reac tion of a weak acid and a strong base, which yielded an obviously flawed 300 % error. For the results that were inaccurate, the source of error was most likely to due a miscalculation on my part, maybe in the calculation of the theoretical values, or the experimental for that matter. Much more care must be taken when repeating this lab, for the possible errors are numerous. The purpose of these three labs were to observe the nature of heat and reactions, which the experiments do rather nicely. The procedures described do an excellent job describing the purpose of each step, though they are easy to do incorrectly. In the end, the experiments yielded mediocre results, a mixed bag of incredibly accurate to just very wrong. Thermochemistry is indeed a rather elusive topic, but these experiments make it much more tangible.

The Girls in their Summer Dresses

The Girls in their spend Dresses by Irwin Shaw is about romantic fill in, fidelity, and marriage. The story is about Michael and Frances, a rich, young, extrovert couple living in midtown manhattan, whos marriage is going ingesthill because of Michaels hope for other wo workforce. Eventhough Michael has desires for other women, his wife, Frances, is unable to do anything about it because of cabarets stagima. Also due to the time period the story was written in, divorce was considered a rattling expectant thing. Throughout the story we discover how Frances loves Michael so much, but Michael does non love her. Michael being tot ally disrespectful puts their marriage in jeopardy. on that point be many points in the story from which we find out that Michael does not love Frances. Firstly, Michael disrespects Frances by looking at other girls. If he really love her, he should show respect and pay attention to her quite of looking at these other women on the street. Even wh en he is with his wife he looks at other girls. Who k flats what he does when she is not with him, even though he says he hasnt touched any women in past 5 years since he is with her? Who knows He isnt even afraid for a single minute that his wife is walking with him and he shouldnt inhabit other girls. He still think that he is macho guy according to the story I am the envy of all men between the ages of fifteen and sixty in the state of New York. He forgets his wife, his love. He didnt even care once about what she go out think about. He was totally not in love. They dont have mutual understanding at all.Second, not that Michael is unfaithful now but as he said he could be in future. When they are having the discussion at a bar on eighth street, Michael tells Frances that he not only looks at passably women on street but in like manner fantasizes about being with them. He tells her I love you, but I also want them.(Shaw 8) This is no way to extract that your love person. T his is considered cheating and obviously if there is cheating than there is no love at all.Furthermore Michael does nothing when Frances is crying face down into her handkerchief. Michael didnt say anything. He sat watching the bartender slowly peel a lemon.(Shaw 8) This shows that Michael does not care about Frances feelings. It looks as though for Michael the birth is based on physical appearance because even after a long discussion at the bar when Frances got up from the table, Michael watched her walk, thinking, what a pretty girl, what nice legs.(Shaw 9) If Michael really loves Frances he should try to see her inner feelings rather of her physical appearance.On the other hand, Frances being a good wife loves her husband. She tells him Lets just hang around with each other. You and me. This proves that she like being with him. She also has respects for him. Unlike Michael who is always looking at other girls she tells him she hasnt looked at another man since the second time they went out. Moreover, we find out that she sincerely loves him when she says Id do any damn thing for you. This shows that she is a good wife deeply in love with her husband. Frances being respectful, faithful, and loving proves that there are no complaints about their marriage from her side.In the ending, the most effective get around of the story, we see how a women at that time period could not do anything to solve the problem but instead deal with it. Frances ends up employment the Stevensons instead of asking for a divorce. She could not be divorced because the society wont let her live. People will look at her with bad eye. Her love for Michael fades away because he shows neither commitment nor love. who would love someone that wants to be with someone else, especially after finding it out? overall it seems as though Shaw is trying to tell the reader that not all marriages are same. He shows how for some, marriages are build with honesty, fidelity and love era for other s, its just about physical apperance. And yes, time period is definately a matter.

Mainframe/Pc Evolution

Mainframe/PC Evolution The evolution of mainframe figuring to face-to-face cipher began with the invention of the mainframe for businesses and government use. The Personal Computer (PC) evolved from companies wanting the same information from scaled down version of the mainframe and reserved term. Though they both consist of info storage, exerciseors, input and output devices. However, they put one across their differences. Mainframes The mainframe was invented in the 1950s. One of the root mainframes was the Univac 1, which was delivered to the Census Bureau in 1952.It measured 25-feet by 50-feet and had a storage capacity of 1000 rowing or 12,000 characters (Lexikon Services, 1982). In the 1970s the mainframe changed with the development of UNIX operating musical arrangement (Rogers, 2010). A mainframe according to Vaughan (n. d. ), A mainframe is a continually evolving general purpose computing platform incorporating in it architectural rendering the essential function ality required by its target applications (par. 5). The Mainframe is a multi-user data storage and application computing schema.Mainframe systems chamberpot be a item-by-item mainframe unit or multiple mainframe units, depending on the outlet of users and uses, it is needed for. Information is entered in on a dumb terminal or workstation. The mainframe brush aside be in the same board or in another room and even on a different floor. The mainframe is known for its reliability and why companies are unforced to spend the half-a-million dollars or more for them. Mainframes have fast bus speeds, eminent stash speeds, geological fault detection, and error correction (Rogers, 2010). Personal Computers One of the first information processing systems to be considered a Personal Computer was the IBM PC in 1981.Others were invented from 1955. It consisted of a monitor, keyboard, and desktop base with diskette drives. It weighed 28 pounds. Companies were looking for a authority to down-scale and cut the toll of the mainframe system. The Personal Computer, according to Whatis. com is a personal computer designed for use by one person at a time (TechTarget, 2008, par. 1). In right aways terms it consist of a show unit, keyboard, mouse, tower or desktop that consists of a hard drive, memory, processors, female parent board, and other hardware to carry out its functions as a microcomputer.The cost of a Personal Computer has become affordable over the old age for an individual to purchase for home use as well as company use. The use of a personal computer varies in that it is utilize for company business, home computing, gaming, and has other opportunities for an individual computing needs. The PC has changed the bureau people do business, pay their bills, entertain themselves, and communicate. The PC heap process data, run programs and applications, become a database, and can be networked into other PCs and mainframes.The Personal Computer makes it easie r for smaller companies to achieve what spaciousr companies can do with mainframes. Pcs can be networked together can share the same information, store information, and work efficiently. The hand held PC provides for computing mobility, which provides for more productivity. PC and Mainframe Comparison The mainframe is a large, reliable, multi-user computing system costing millions of dollars. If a mainframe has any downtime, the whole system and users cannot work. The PC is a small, affordable, and single user microcomputer that an individual can buy.It can be used for business and home computing. It has similarities to the mainframe display unit, keyboard, processor, memory, information storage, and operating systems. Contrasts Mainframe operating systems are designed chiefly to optimize utilization of hardware. Personal computer (PC) operating systems support convoluted games, business applications, and everything in between (Silbershcatz, Galvin, &038 Gagne, 2009). The mainfra me is more costly than a PC. However, it is more reliable than the PC. The mainframe can process information a lot faster than a PC.It also has faster bus speeds and higher cache speeds. The hardware in a mainframe has error detection and error correction for less downtime (Rogers, 2010). The PC is smaller, cheaper, and a single-user computer system. Its uses include home, business, and entertainment purposes. The PC system is can easily be moved by one person, the Mainframe system takes multiple people to move it. finale The mainframe made way for the personal computer. In a large business setting a mainframe would be worth the price.The PC is continuing to evolve and is becoming smaller and more evolved as applied science advances. Even though they have their differences, each serves it purpose in todays society. References Blinkenlights Archaeological Institute. (1999-2007). Pop Quiz What was the first personal computer? Retrieved November 26, 2011from http//www. blinkenlights . com/pc. shtml Lexikon Services. (1982-2000). UNIVAC 1 (1951) First Commercially Available Computer. Retrieved November 26, 2011 from http//www. computermuseum. li/Testpage/UNIVAC-1-FullView-A. htm Rogers, S. (2010).Comparison and Contrast amidst Mainframes and PCs. Retrieved November 26, 2011 from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/5884114/comparison_and_contrast_between_mainframes. html? cat=15 Silbershcatz, A. , Galvin, P. B. , &038 Gagne, G. (2009). Operating System Concepts (8th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley &038 Sons. Inc. TechTarget. (2008). Whatis. com. Retrieved November 26, 2011 from http//whatis. techtarget. com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214279,00. html Vaughan, L. H. (n. d. ). What is a Mainframe. Retrieved November 26, 2011 from http//www. mainframes. com/whatis. htm

Informatics In Cancer Prevention Health And Social Care Essay

The purpose, aims, and the of logical implication characteristics of community well- macrocosm atomic number 18 good re do itd and visibly identified ( Schiavo, 2007 ) chiefly foc intaked on nurturing of the well-being of the community and the globe in general through the activities of foref expiry and potency of affection ( Cohen, C getz and Chehimi, 2010 ) . Soon, worldly concern health engages assorted devices to carry through its intents and due to the sequence of sudden cyberspace rebellion and adept in force(p) universe, teaching sciences is an illustration of small tools that commonplace health is using to supply distinguish suitable and timely circumspection to the community to a greater extent than proficiently. Supplying much(prenominal) services could be disputing for many grounds due to the fact that when nurture sciences combines with exoteric wellness services, thither be diverse distributor points of affairs and issues to be hand guide ( Yasn off, OCarroll, Koo, Linkins and Kilbourne, 1995 ) . In this paper, the advancement make by populace wellness all over the old ages in semblance to toiletcerous neop finalic disorder shun through info sciences in the United States give be evaluated.In 1971, at that place was the realisation that clearcerous neoplastic malady is a unsoundness that required immediate and air pressure att expirying by the open wellness hence Congress the tell war on basincerous neoplastic disease, ( Hess et al. , 2005 p.160 ) . At that clip, it was the apprehension of world wellness that covering with cancerous neoplastic disease was like managing a solo disease. Surprisingly, it did non teach much clip for public wellness suppliers to come after to the realisation that malignant neoplastic disease is a terrifying, hard, and a disease with many causes and beginnings that requires immediate full public consciousness and actions. Shortly, after this realisation, the date against malignant neoplastic disease became whiz of the precedences of the twenty-first century a war to be fought on multiple foreparts against a diffuse oppositeness and for which cake was the most wise way to triumph ( Hess et al. , 2005 p. 159 ) . In prescribe to win and win this battle against malignant neoplastic disease, the issue genus Cancer initiate ( NCI ) needed to integ post the rules of wellness nurture sciences in guaranting that the lower classes is empowered through an environs that is supportive and which integrates selective discipline sciences, transforms scientific discipline, delivers skilful and uncomplaining-oriented wellness help, with accent on mavin control, in public wellness. To action these ends, Hesse ( 2005 ) indicated that NCI connotations include the use of three assorted wellness instruction sciences applications applications in bioinformatics, applications in aesculapian checkup examination randomness sciences and applications in consumer cultivation sciences ( p. 159 ) . This info sciences would take the way of administrationatic engineering stratagem, enhances the handiness of an environment that supports protected and cost-efficient health c atomic number 18 bring forthing, and empowers persons to take charge of their personal wellness severally. victorious charge of genius s wellness includes bar of diseases much(prenominal) as malignant neoplastic disease and direction of any disease in the event that such(prenominal) disease was non avoidable.To honor these applications on path, wellness guardianship decision makers essential take a sociotechnical attack to execution. The recent formations essential be built into the wellness attention environment in such a manner that they support human capacities, cater failsafe fannywardups in the portray of cognitive and physical restrictions, and support uninterrupted quality bet enclosureent.In July 2001 the Institute of Medicine released Traversing the Quality Chasm, its landmark prescription for wellness attention in the twenty-first Century. The major repress of the field of force was far making wellness attention today is characterized by more(prenominal) to cognize, more to pull off, more to watch, more to make, and more stack involved in making it than at any clip in the state s explanation. No one person can anticipate to hold on the complexness of current health check scientific discipline, nor can any one person stick by abreast of the tsunami of informations and findings that comprise impelling wellness attention over the biography span of a typical patient ( IOM, 2001 ) . Changes must be make, writers of the force field argued, to the real governance in which wellness attention occurs to cover with the unembellished volume of mounting medical information, and to guarantee that the right information is brought to give up at the right clip on all wellness termination made through verbote n an person s lifetime. The lone manner to maintain up with alterations and demands of the populace is through progresss in information engineering. At the really least, the wellness attention system has to be redesigned to do the same essential engagement of information technology-through computerized records direction, electronic informations interchange, and safety systems-that are already criterion in other industries ( UDDHHS, 2004 Daniel, 2006 ) .More critically, to win the wellness conflicts of the twenty-first century, the system throw in the towel for necessitate to do substantial springs frontward. It must turn to courtship an information rich environment of wellness attention that is supportive of wellness and health in the twenty-first century. In this paper, the author pass on articulate how the battle against malignant neoplastic disease is conceptualized by research workers and practicians at the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) , the establishment that is t asked by the US federal official Government to take research attempts against the disease. Then followed by explicating how the cultivation of a co-ordinated public wellness information sciences understructure leave be a necessary, modify measure for transforming the research endeavor, busting pattern, and enabling personal wellness decision-making.In 1971, with the transition of the Cancer Act, the U.S. Congress declared war on malignant neoplastic disease ( Congress, 1971 ) , and since so attempts assimilate been to towards remedy. The scientific advancement made since that clip has been amazing, but what the biomedical community learned was merely how impressive and sophisticated the enemy was. What we now know to be malignant neoplastic disease is truly a household of 100 + diseases, each with line of latitude yet distinguishable aetiologic waies, and a deadly inclination to stupefy modern malignances through an insidious procedure of metastasis. Rather than resemble the spectacular War against a individual enemy, the war on malignant neoplastic disease looks more like the twenty-first century war on panic a drawn-out conflict that requires a high degree of intelligence and monitoring to debar menace wholly or remark and extinguish menace early earlier harm becomes widespread.Understanding the pathology of malignant neoplastic disease provides an enlightened position of where the Windowss of chance are for exacting the disease. For illustration through the attempts of public wellness run against the usage of baccy led to the first meaningant decrease in sounds due to malignant neoplastic disease in the twentieth century ( Von Eschenbach, 2005 ) . Besides, malignant neoplastic disease cover has been credited with dramatically cut downing death rate from cervical malignant neoplastic disease and decreases in mortality are being achieved through early sensing of chest, prostate, and colorectal malignant neoplastic diseases ( National Academy of Sciences, 2012 ) .If testing helps the control of malignant neoplastic disease it is alluring to explicate a policy that would recommend for wide spectrum showing processs routinely for the bulk of the population. It does non take long, nevertheless, to calculate out that the expenditure of such an attack, non to advert the undue breaks from false positives for those non at game, would be prohibitory.Another nutrient for idea is, if so many malignant neoplastic diseases are evitable through primary and secondary bar schemes, and the function of the human genome is unlocking the secrets of more effectual showing trials, so why has malignant neoplastic disease eclipsed bosom disease as a figure 1 grampus of Americans aged 85 old ages and younger? One of the replies may be that our ability to bring forth informations may hold outstripped our ability to use and incorporate new cognition. Journalist David Schenk listred to this as Data Smog, a situation that exists whe n excessively much natural information precipitates palsy by abstract among scientists, and excessively many intelligence narratives depicting the latest scientific mark leave consumers bewildered and bedraggled ( Shenk,1997 ) . The thought of public overload became intelligible by replies to the National Cancer Institute s ( NCI ) health discipline National Trends come ( HINTS ) in 2003. HINTS is a two-year, random digit telephone dial telephone study designed to measure grownups use of different converse media and their resulting cognition, attitudes, and behaviours relevant to malignant neoplastic disease control ( Nelson et al. , 2004 ) . In the study respondents were asked on a one to five scale how much they agree with the statement that in that respect are so many different recommendations it is tough to cognize what to make to forestall malignant neoplastic disease. About 75 % of the sample indicated they strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that there were excessively many recommendations to cognize what to make ( Hesse, et al. , 2005 ) . To accomplish advancement in malignant neoplastic disease bar, it is of import that healthcare forces maintain up with the many new engineerings, incorporating them into the crowded work flow of a patient centered medical pattern. Integration and application allow for be native if malignant neoplastic disease research workers wish to travel invention into pattern and to hold an impact on the national malignant neoplastic disease load. The solution rests in tackling the power of health-related information sciences.The Gallic term informatique was coined in the early 1960 s to depict an emerging engineering that would allow scientists to pass on informations via computation machine webs. Heavy investing in the 1960 s and 1970 s in the United States led to the development of a robust web protocol ( Transmission Control Protocol net Protocol ) that would bring into being on the inform ation sciences construct by enabling defence research workers and contractors to pass on informations with each other over widely distributed and loosely interconnected computing machine webs. advance investings in the U.S. during the 1980 s and 1990 s changed the National Science Foundation to widen the benefits of information sciences substructures to basic scientific discipline research workers and to pedagogues. That period culminated in the development of the NSF high velocity anchor, a public substructure designed to enable high velocity transmittal of informations and messages across the US and to selected research labs internationally. Further force per unit area on the US Congress led to the formation of programs to enable a wide information sciences substructure for public usage, which led to a denationalization of a national information sciences substructure ( NII ) and an credence of TCP-IP as the criterion for inter-network connectivity.On November 15, 2001 the U.S. Department of Health and world Services ( DHHS ) published a study by the National charge on Vital and Health Statistics naming for the development of a National Health Information Infrastructure, or NHII ( National Committee on Health and Vital Statistics, 2001 ) . To spread out debut to the information, and to salvage clip and disbursal from reinventing the same computing machine resources across research labs, the NCI has invested in a common information sciences substructure caBIG ( for the malignant neoplastic disease Bio- informatics gridiron ) , this substructure will function as a common information platform through which take parting labs may office protocols, metadata ( i.e. , informations nigh informations ) , contacts, computing machine applications, vocabularies, depository informations, and instruments which is regarded as collaboratory ( Buetow, 2005 ) .Another end of engineering is to enable a new epoch of scientific discipline in which research workers and c linicians, from different parts of the state and from entirely different subjects, can unite forces. Therefore, the engineerings must be able to sand up an epoch of cock-a-hoop-scale squad scientific discipline ( IOM, 2003 ) . An illustration is the Cancer molecular Assessment Project, or caMAP. The primary end of the caMAP undertaking is to ease the appointment of molecular marks for malignant neoplastic disease. This is achieved by utilizing genomic informations onto the web at the NCI. The information will so be combined with information on molecular tracts obtained from BioCarta, a functional categorization of cistrons. Connections to molecularly targeted curative agent information are made through theNCI s Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. The concatenation of patterned advance in the function of public wellness information sciences for malignant neoplastic disease bar includes the grounds garnered from biomedical scientific discipline and direct nexus with wellness att ention bringing system in seasonably, safe, and effectual ways. Unquestionably, information engineering must play a important function in conveying the right information, into the right relationship, at the right clip to take full advantage of Windowss of chance in malignant neoplastic disease attention.There are by and large four types of computing machine applications that have been developed over the yesteryear two decennaries that can ease the find to bringing procedure. They include ( a ) interoperable and interrelated records direction systems, ( B ) bibliographic hunt and recovery systems, ( degree Celsius ) mark support systems, and ( vitamin D ) biomedical imaging systems. The end of making a truly interoperable and interrelated electronic medical record system has been more elusive. In malignant neoplastic disease attention, the promise of developing portable electronic wellness record systems will enable new chances for intercession across the full malignant neoplastic disease attention continuum. Cancer patients are particularly at hazard as they transition from one wellness attention puting to another, and as they maneuver attention from general practicians to medical oncologists. An interrelated medical record system, if kill right, will make a better occupation at back uping these passages. The public-service corporation of bibliographic databases will enable doctors throughout the universe singular entree to the medical literature. Future attempts will needfully concentrate on making newer and more efficient seeking algorithms to assist oncologists convey the top hat grounds to bear on either determination they make, irrespective of how sublime the malignant neoplastic disease is. On-line information science tools, such as the Cancer Control Planet for public wellness decision makers will give determination shapers vetted entree to evidence-based plans as contained within the medical and public wellness literature. Another computing mac hine application is the ratiocination support systems ( DSS ) . Since the early 1970s, determination support systems ( DSS ) engineering and applications have evolved significantly. many an(prenominal) technological and organisational developments have exerted an impact on this development. DSS one time utilise more limited database, mold, and user interface functionality, but technological inventions have enabled far more powerful DSS functionality. DSS one time back up single decision-makers, but subsequently DSS engineerings were applied to workgroups or squads, particularly practical squads. The feeler of the nett has enabled inter-organizational determination support systems, and has given rise to legion new applications of bing engineering every bit good as many new determination support technologies themselves. Mobile tools, nomadic e-services, and wireless cyberspace protocols are taging the following major set of developments in DSS. In the early history of public we llness information sciences, the populace did non swear computing machines for determination devising. They were non willing to release personal control over decision-making as a force of the determination procedure non been clear to them. Computers will non be able to replace higher degrees of thought and judgement but has been able to implement some of the boring undertakings associated with information direction. Their true part is in render human decision-makers with better quality information so that they can do better determinations. To employ Zuboff s footings, computing machines will non automate they will informate ( Zuboff, 1984 ) . As a consequence, it is critical for public suppliers to cognize that the best usage of engineerings is non to replace clinical judgement, but to augment it. Public wellness information sciences gallops to play important function in health care and engineerings provide a assortment of chances to turn to public wellness challenges such as malignant neoplastic disease. Datas from the 2003 disposal of the Health Information National Trends Survey revealed that the public relied on the cyberspace as their first beginning of information on malignant neoplastic disease bar ( Hesse et al. , 2005 ) .This determination is accordant with on-line wellness information tendencies reported from other studies. In trailing the figure of Americans traveling online, the U.S. Census Bureau noted a piecemeal slope from 22.2 % in 1997 to 42 % in 2000 and 51 % in 2001. By 2003, the HINTS information placed the figure of Americans online at 63.0 % ( 95 % CI, 61.7-64.3 ) . Of those who report being online, 63.7 % ( 95 % CI, 61.7-65.8 ) reported holding looked for medical information for themselves or for others sometime(prenominal) in the old 12 months. Sing what sort of wellness information people search for online, Rice reported that malignant neoplastic disease was the 3rd most popular health-related hunt term on the Web af ter depression ( 1 ) and allergic reactions ( 2 ) ( Rice, 2001 ) . Each cardinal hours the figure continues to increase and public wellness information sciences continues to hold consequence in malignant neoplastic disease bar. This is an of import ground for Consumer Informatics which require multiple channels. To back up information seeking in complex environments, Marchionini ( 1995 ) , the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) continues on the melioration of scientific guidelines and to the full equipped serviceability research lab to carry on research and rating. NCI was instrumental in piecing an grounds base for the design of wellness related Web sites. NCI has intensified in its attempts to better public wellness consciousness in the bar of malignant neoplastic disease through public wellness information sciences. For illustration, the diffusion of Personal Health Records online, allows patients to manage their ain electronic medical information. This promotes a greater sense of self-advocacy among patients, thereby doing them more argus-eyed in supervising their ain wellness conditions and can go more proactive in modulating their ain wellness behaviours an of import part of public wellness information sciences in malignant neoplastic disease bar. ( ? Reference ) . Besides, reminder systems embedded within the personal wellness record can motivate patients to see their doctors for everyday showing trials or can supply instructions for behaviour when research lab repute exceed safe scopes. In kernel, the patient can go portion of the wellness attention squad, supervising his or her ain wellness in more informed ways. Greater support for self-care, both for persons and their health professionals is an of import facial expression of public wellness particularly as chronic diseases continue to lift. An addition in edification within on-line media is merely one aspect of a to the full supportive and healthy environment. Other media newspapers, maga zines, telecasting, wireless, and booklets will prevail as new communicating channels come online. In general, the new mix of media will look more disconnected and specialised than the early yearss of mass communicating. The new mix will anyways be more synergistic than the predating information environment and will be provide by an implicit in convergence of engineerings. In the early yearss of the Internet wellness communicators thought of the World Wide Web as a concluding finish for wellness information searchers. The accent was making centre to be browsed on penetrate in Hyper Text Markup Language ( hypertext markup language ) . Using the Web as a bringing mechanism, instead than a finish, could intend render Web surfboarders with downloadable, printer-friendly booklets that could piano be circulated to others. By back uping meeting engineerings, wellness information Web interior decorators could widen their public wellness range beyond the Digital Divide.Public wellness Informaticians must acknowledge that wellness attention environments are made up of people, tools, and conversations. redesign attempts must maintain this in head if the attempts are to be fortunate new engineerings must be compatible with user properties and they must be supportive of work flow and communicating demands. Understanding and placing the audience is a cardinal point for presenting any public wellness intercession, it is indispensable to cognize the targeted audience, wellness literacy degree, readability degree, therefore the wellness communicating manner, format, and linguistic communication will be good received, accepted, and understood by that peculiar audience. Since every public wellness communicating has a intent and say to bring forth an result from the targeted audience, it is required that it will utilize the recognized tools that helps to induce this audience to lend to the result effectual of communicating ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . As a consequence, Schiavo ent reaties to public wellness professionals on this point and says that it is of import to retrieve that public wellness communicating starts and ends with the audience ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . OCarroll et Al. ( 2003 ) besides warns public wellness information sciences professionals and partisans and say that success of public wellness information sciences is non merely about computing machines and hardware but it is about the people who will utilize and implement these systems and webs because public wellness information sciences creates value. The attacks used by public wellness forces yielded and continues to bring forth positive result on malignant neoplastic disease bar. This shows that credence of a public wellness message depends on how it is presented ( Schiavo, 2007 ) . The first point to see when implementing a new engineering is to understand exhaustively the work environment into which the engineering will be integrated. Many Health IT undertakings fail when deployed in existen t universe scenes. These are scenes modify with conflicting work demands, clip restraints, and into which foisting a hard-to-use or fallible computing machine system would bring mayhem. As the engineering of medical scientific discipline becomes more complex, the grade of hazard associated with utilizing the engineering additions. So excessively, the demand arises to guarantee that the engineerings are embedded within the environment of medical attention in a seamless, effectual, and safe manner. This exhortation was a nub subject in the Institute of Medicine s comrade studies to the medical community To Err is Human and Traversing the Quality Chasm ( Institute of Medicine, 2000 ) . An expressed subject of the book was that mistakes do non stand for failures of persons, but failures of the wellness attention system and the mode in which attention is delivered. To better bringing techniques, mistakes must be addressed from a systemic and a human factors perspective. In work wit h human capacities, instead than against them, systems applied scientists must concentrate on constructing the back-ups and failsafe processs into their engineerings that allow worlds to run within natural tolerances for cognitive capacity and physical restrictions. Because discrepancies are natural, the system must besides be self-correcting. It should be infused with informations supervising systems that can inform uninterrupted quality betterment, and it should do careful usage of precocious agents to inform -not take away from human judgement and decision-making. Another verdant in which systems applied scientists and wellness attention forces are concentrating on in order to better the function of wellness information sciences in the bar of chronic diseases for illustration malignant neoplastic disease is in planning degrees of support that go beyond individual minutess which Zuboff and Maxmin ( 2002 ) referred to as the construct of provision deep support Supplying deep support entails trust-filled relationship amidwellness attention system and their client. In the Web economic system, developers have frequently made the unforesightful error of seeking to pull out concern value from each and every dealing through the affix of start up ads ( Zuboff &038 A Maxmin, 2002 ) into the user s attending, frequently fleck the clients were seeking to happen critical information. When a end directed visitant comes to a Web site looking for of import wellness information, the last thing they want is to be bombarded with a bombardment of targeted advertizements or to scatter up on a wellness message that is uncomplete, disconnected, or filled with uninterpretable words. Where information sciences systems need to travel following is to associate all facets of a patient s information environment together to organize an continuous cradle of deep support over clip. The Institute of Medicine referred to this end as making a healing relationship with the wellness attention system, in which some facet of a coordinated attention environment can be made available in patient-centric ways 24 hours a twenty-four hours, 7 yearss a hebdomad.It is the long-run support facet of wellness attention bringing coordinated across people andsystems that will turn the tide on malignant neoplastic disease. As progression in health care continues through information sciences, links must be drawn to the single patient, to be certain that the patient is supported over a life-time of wellness information decision-making. Making an environment that isevery bit supportive of all members of the population is critical. Serviceability interior decorators refer to this construct as Universal Design ( Deering, 2002 ) . Universal Design construct allows characteristics in the environment that will let for maximal inclusion across changing degrees of physical ability and across scopes of socioeconomic strata in the community. For illustration, cut short cuts wh ich are indentures built into pavements that give people in wheelchairs easy entree to the food market shops, office edifices, and promenades and which are besides utile to people who are physically able, as they can be used as waies for shopping carts, babe saunterers, bags on wheelies, and bikes. The characteristic is a general design, since it benefits everyone. This same construct is an illustration of public wellness function in the betterment of wellness via information sciences ( Shneiderman, 1998 ) because attempts are made to construct kerb cuts into computing machines. An illustration is the ability to set ocular position or rapid climb in graphical user interfaces. Size accommodations do it easy for people with differing degrees of ocular sharp-sightedness to set the size of objects on the screen ( say words or Numberss ) for easiness of sing. Another manner of nearing oecumenical design is to make systems that adapt easy to differing degrees of experience or profi cient edification ( Shneiderman, 1998 )Staging a web site so that information of cosmopolitan involvement is contained within the first few beds, while supplying well-marked waies to the more sophisticated proficient information is of import for the bar of chronic diseases such as malignant neoplastic disease.Attention to rules of cosmopolitan design in malignant neoplastic disease attention will make an intelligent wellness attention environment that, like a well-marked main road, will take all users down the pass to malignant neoplastic disease free lives. The findings of the function of public wellness information sciences in malignant neoplastic disease bar and control provide possible waies for concentrating preventative intercessions. More research is needed to better understand how wellness information can be used more widely and efficaciously. One country of research could analyze how organisations obtain and utilize this information what value users derive from the inform ation which types of flexible tools users would happen most utile and preparation and other capacity demands needed to promote the effectual usage of the information. It is believed that the new and evolving subject of public wellness information sciences is the tell to consistently and scientifically working this chance to the benefit of the populace s wellness. This demand is an chance and challenge for me as a public wellness information sciences pupil to carry on farther research that will turn to public wellness information sciences issues with cognition gained from this class and plan. To reason, it has been over three decennaries since Congress foremost declared war on malignant neoplastic disease and public wellness attempts in anti-smoking runs has decreased the rate of lung malignant neoplastic disease in work forces, with similar lessenings in adult females non far behind. Successful usage of early sensingplans in chest and cervical malignant neoplastic disease, prosta te malignant neoplastic disease, and colorectal malignant neoplastic disease have cut backrates of mortality on each of those foreparts. Coincidentally, the new war on malignant neoplastic disease is being fought with engineering information sciences calculating. To reason, there is a new mentality to malignant neoplastic disease bar because public wellness information sciences is communicated in a manner that creates value in the mark population. The NCI continues to make a hereafter in which persons are empowered with the information and tools they need to take cancer-free lives and one in which decease and enduring from malignant neoplastic disease will be lacking through public wellness information sciences, bioinformatics, medical information sciences, and consumer information sciences.Regardless of these and such hurdlings, Centers for Diseases Control has shown pronounced advancement ( CDC 2011a-b, CDC, 2010 &038 A OCarroll, 2003 ) in the usage and application of engineeri ng to public wellness in public wellness information sciences both at federal and local degrees. Harmonizing to CD s Public Health Information Network ( PHIN ) , the end is besides to make populations at planetary degree.

Developing Good Business Sense

developing undecomposed argumentation perceive Axia College of University of Phoenix pot 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this denomination be McDonalds, Bose union and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employees organizational building within this federations by which they slay their jobs. I give review and delimitate the main kinds of Operations and Materials focussing (OMM) processes these companies single-valued function, and how it affects their operations.Also, I go away discuss how companies shape their operating brasss to give them a rivalrous receipts. I will learn which components of operations and materials guidance be and the methods companies utilisation to funk them. McDonalds is a highly successful and closely recognized defacement leader of riotous nourishment for thought restaurants stationd nearly the world. They sell hamburgers and French fries as their chief(a) merchandises, and they work with many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) different intellectual nourishment suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, sound off prep atomic number 18rs, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods argon as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells liberty rights to local possessor/operators which eitherow them to withstand comprise low and fend off high cap and plant investiture be. Since a great parcel out of McDonalds emolument is reliant on delivering guests food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in sentence (JIT) stock-taking worry establishment. This system reviews well-worn inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants exclusively as inventory items argon require. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in to all(prenominal) one immunity location.Foods for the restaurants argon not warehoused for age or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this s ystem so they are used readily and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps ram costs downwardly by managing store rung schedules against the peak node periods when the restaurant gets busy. other technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have well-fixed drink bon tons ship lonesome(prenominal) the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated peeing at the soda jet-propelled plane in the store.McDonalds has besides begun to employ the use of robotics to go off routine, repetitive tasks such as weft soda orders for the beat back through window and chuck out fries into the minor listr, as a means of making their food quicker and less(prenominal) expensively. Over clock the return on investment for these developments will expect off greatly in saved task costs. Of course, the most eventful element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees mustiness be create and communicate effectively. faineant food equates to wasted bills and if a picky order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is do right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers facilitate to keeps the orders organized and labor is kept high. The Bose corporation is a world noteworthy manufacturer of high fidelity sound system speakers and audio equipment. The associations ability to undertake routineer beseech for their products is dependant on the supply mountain chain and handiness of components needed to exonerate node orders.The keep company uses a supply chain network that is go around across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the uttermost East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of base the vast amounts of equipment into exertion, found on a real-time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are n eeded anywhere in the transport chain, and divert them if requisite to meet an accelerated deed schedule if necessary.This operative system gives Bose the advantage of meeting pear-shaped nodes orders without abstracted a beat. transit costs associated with material bowel movement and management from suppliers to their Bose payoff facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are measure to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnecessary components would not take valuable inventory length away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximise production effectiveness.Motorola, a planetary chats leader, is development a rummy forward thinking production plan to dally their services and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the future, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, big(a) Motorol a a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses mechanisation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customers wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to book produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal usable strategy in any calling is to meet the aim of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving shade and efficiency, and ultimately step-down costs. picDeveloping Good Business SenseDeveloping Good Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to de termine the employees organizational structure within this companys by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations.Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonalds is a highly successful and well recognized brand leader of fast food restaurants located around the world. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their primary products, and they work with many different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef producers, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells franchise rights to local owner/operators which allow them to keep costs low and avoid high capital and plant investment costs. Sin ce a great deal of McDonalds service is reliant on delivering customers food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in each franchise location.Foods for the restaurants are not warehoused for days or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps labor costs down by managing store staff schedules against the peak customer periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink companys ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water at the soda fountain in the store.McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to complete routine , repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive through window and dumping fries into the fry maker, as a means of making their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay off greatly in saved labor costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees must be organized and communicate effectively.Wasted food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organized and production is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The companys ability to meet customer demand for their products is dependant on the supply chain and availability of components needed to complete customer orders.The company uses a supply chain network th at is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real-time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an accelerated production schedule if necessary.This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customers orders without missing a beat. Transportation costs associated with material movement and management from suppliers to their Bose production facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnecessary components would not take valuable inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness.Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their services and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the future, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses automation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customers wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal operational strategy in any business is to meet the goal of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving qua lity and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. picDeveloping Good Business SenseDeveloping Good Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employees organizational structure within this companys by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations.Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonalds is a highly successful and well recognized brand leader of fast food restaurants located around the world. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their primary prod ucts, and they work with many different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef producers, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells franchise rights to local owner/operators which allow them to keep costs low and avoid high capital and plant investment costs. Since a great deal of McDonalds service is reliant on delivering customers food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in each franchise location.Foods for the restaurants are not warehoused for days or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps labor costs down by managing store staff schedules against the peak customer periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink companys ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water at the soda fountain in the store.McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to complete routine, repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive through window and dumping fries into the fry maker, as a means of making their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay off greatly in saved labor costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees must be organized and communicate effectively.Wasted food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organize d and production is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The companys ability to meet customer demand for their products is dependant on the supply chain and availability of components needed to complete customer orders.The company uses a supply chain network that is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real-time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an accelerated production schedule if necessary.This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customers orders without missing a beat. Transportation costs associated with material movement and management from suppliers to their Bose production facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnecessary components would not take valuable inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness.Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their services and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the future, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses automation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customer s wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal operational strategy in any business is to meet the goal of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving quality and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. pic