American intervention in and post WWII Essay

E re all toldy society, religion and ethni city perpetually has deep d hold it capability for extreme violence. This is often manifested in the cultivation to consider otherwise fractions of the society as inferior and go ahead with acts to exterminate or k mishap them. This scenario is accelerated to greater heights when the itemion considered re principal(prenominal) uncommunicative even when their rights are violated. Benito Mussolini, the II Duce, was an avid writer and later became a journalist with the Milan collectivized paper AvantiHe was famous amongst the subscribeers of a socialist idea and thus began promoting his views on the support of state of state of contendfarefarefare against Germany in manhood contend I. After joining politics for slightly judgment of conviction, Mussolini went back to journalism as a career on which he spearheaded and promoted his ideas against Germany. This led to the birth of fascisticic party on March 23rd 1919 immediately aft er the land up of area War I.The destruction and loss of lives led to the popularity of the home(a) fascist Party since many were disenchanted the leadinghip following the after effect of the war. Mussolini s in any cased on time and seemed to offer solutions to the Italys ailing economy and move back the lost glory after the World War I. The Roman Salute and the Black Shirt Militia which were later copied by Hitler were his creation. He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on March 15th, 1921.This provided more(prenominal) authorisation and boost to his political ambitions. Several concomitantors worked on Mussolinis favor in his rise to power. In August 1922, the ruling Leftist Party called for a acreswide strike. Mussolini saw this as an act that would destabilize the state and uni skeletal system the leftists to call off the strike or his Fascist Party would. mogul Vittorio Emmanuelle III saw the capability of Mussolini in handling the aff get offs of th e nation and invited him to travel to Rome and form the g everywherenment. Mussolini did not accept the invitation and instead insisted on a telegraph and soon it was wired.The desire by France to take overlook of mineral rich Ruhr Valley saw it take sides with Italy on the host of Ambassadors and this bolstered Italys position since most of its endorsements were accepted. The government of Greek had nothing else to do and sensing pommel gave in to Italys demands thereby adding more self-reliance to Mussolini.The thirst for more power and expansionist ideas led Mussolini to annex the city of Fiume from Yugoslavia, a successful operation that earned him a British sawbuck of the Bath. He was unsatisfied with the treatment Italy was accorded for giving the necessary assistance in belaboring the Germans in the World War I. His thirst for power never finish and he dreamt of the day the Mediterranean Sea would be below his control. Italy then invaded Ethiopia under Mussolinis comm ands as a revenge against their shameful defeat at the battle of Adwa in 1896.Such expansionist ideas led to Italys blacklisting by the League of Nations and as much(prenominal)(prenominal) forged a pertly close relationship with the Nazi Germany that harbored the same ideas. The League of Nations lacked the political command to reign on rogue nations such(prenominal) as Italy and Germany and Mussolini realizing this, continued with his expansionist ideas .Mussolini invaded Albania in 1939 and ampley strengthened its alliance with Germany by forming the Pact of Steel. His exploits in war were always ruined and due to lack of organized soldiery political machine techniques, lost many of the regions it had annexed earlier.By 1943 Italys role in the war had seriously deteriorated and Mussolini was headed to a big(a) loss in the war. Mussolini developed the culture of dismissing the king commands and do him a ceremonial leader. In July 1943, Mussolini met his end onto the enc lose on power. He was arrested and deposed by elements within the roams of his own Fascist National Party and the King ap psycheed Field Marshal Pietro Badoglio as the innovative eyeshade Minister. He was arrested precisely saved by Hitler who still regarded him as strong ally in the war. He made many unsuccessful attempts to return to power by forming the Italian Socialist Republic in regions that were under German control, imposing himself as the leader.Mussolini was finally arrested by on April 28, 1945 with his mistress Clara Petacci, this time by Italian forces near Lake Como. He stay puted under Italian custody still realizing that he was going to be killed coherent that he be picture immediately. His long time friend, Walter Audisio eventually shot him in his chest on Mussolinis request.American Intervention in and Post World War IIThe overall American incumbrance in World War II was as a solvent of the surprise attack of Pearl Harbor the Japanese army and the Frankl in D Roosevelt fear of an imminent attack of North America by the Germans. The confederative forces continuously bombed the assort strongholds and military bases including the German and Japanese cities of Dresden and Tokyo independently (Jackson and Gleave, pp 87-103).This was based on the belief that killing and destroying civilian areas would discourage more civilians in supporting the war and also put more pull on their governments to bring an end to the war. While this idea was geared towards end the war faster, it in turn brought about the opposite. Civilian support for their leaders and the war increased and the war took longer than was previously thought do many deaths and further destruction of property.Another intention of America on intervening in World War II was done in the name of freedom and democracy to the oppressed. It is true that freedom and democracy form fundamentals of human rights but these interventions have left behind more sufferings manifested in the loss of lives and the destruction of property.This is because it is always difficult to make a distinction between rebels or armed groups and civilians. Italy was the premiere of the axis to meet the nature of Americas military intervention when President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and the combined Joint Chiefs of Staff decided to make the first island of Sicily their first target. According to the U.S. Army Center for Military History (para. 2), the allied forces conquered Messina, the capital Sicily on 17 August 1943, a feat that propelled the associate forces to push forward with their agenda of freeing Europe of Nazi and fascist idea.The support in damage of humanitarian and reserve go from the join States did not begin after the war but in fact began long before the war. This demanded full control of organizations and relief services. During the war, relief services to the Axis countries was not permitted as in the case of world war I.President Franklin D. Roose velt saw this as providing further support to German and its affiliate .This condition continued for long even after the entry of the unite States into the war in support of the allied forces. 1939 Neutrality Legislation demanded firm openness and full background details regarding relief agencies as some organizations could be likeable to the warring factions.In 1941, Joseph E Davis took over as the head of war relief agencies and brought in much needed reforms that include reducing the consider of licensed relief organization from 300 to solo 67 by the end of the war immediately after the war the relief control board formally known as the war relief agencies took over the advisory role on voluntary hostile aid.The relief services provided by the American government in World War I had many differences with that of world II, these included regulations regarding the provision of relief services to the prisoners of war and the additional statute on the geneva host regarding the role of the Red Cross. All countries that took part in World War II with exception of Japan and the Soviet Union, were signatory to the 1929 geneva assembly regarding the overall treatment of prisoners of war.Relief suppliers that included clothing toiletries and medicine were interpreted to prisoners in the prisons. Continuous inspections by the international Red Cross made sure that term of the Geneva Convention were fully complied with and all prisoners of war receive humane and fair treatment. Due to the different standards for treatments of war prisoners, the Geneva Convention strived to achieve an even state of treatment. Prisoners of war from countries that were not signatories to the Geneva Convention were badly treated by the Geneva Authorities.The overall mathematical operation of the Italians in World War II has had different opinions on whether it was a success or a failure. The general idea that the Italians military gave a poor show of there strength and beared ear ly is not very true. There are standing examples in very successful war exploits that Italian military achievedItalian military poor ratings from the world war11 seemed too have cropped up due to failed annexing of Greek Island and the unsuccessful take over of North Africa. Describing Italian soldiers as numerous were other factors that definitely contributed to such military mistakes. Lack of modern weapon, poor leadership and division amongst the rank of Mussolinis senior advisors that led to lack of will in the accusatory to accomplish his major war exploits. In 1939, Germany invaded Poland and took control of it Italy at this point was not in a military position to launch and offensive.Hitler and Mussolini both wanted a redrawing of Europes map and in harboring this change of vision Mussolini ignored the state of Italys military strength and the unfitness of its war industrial complex to produce modern weapons that were capable of sustaining a full scale war.Other neighboring nation such as Britain, Germany and France had put a lot in the development and production of military weapons and had supplicated tanks, guns ammunition and trucks at there disposal(Evan, pp 743-756). In fact at the time of joining the Second World War, Italys position in terms of equipment was only at the same level with the First World War. Its war artillery included the remnants from the First World War that were in inefficient and outdated. It lacked industrial capacity to produce new military equipment and those that were made were always out numbered by the demand.Beretta Pistols and automatic rifles were considered very efficient war machines but were always short in supply while the dreaded machine and sub standard qualities. The shipyard at their disposal was properly designed but lacked the strength in armor and lacked radar. This made it difficult for the Italy military to perform effective in comparison to other nations.Mussolini invented the art of propaganda and as such projected an image of effective air power but was in reality non existent. The whole military had only a few thousands of air crafts, most of which were bi-plane. The modern creations were of no match to those in the possession of the affiliate forces.The command of Italy at the beginning of World War II was considered the poorest of all the nations that took sprightly military exploits. Mussolini depended on hardcorety as the main terms of selecting officers in various military ranks at the expense of experience. In fact Italy had the least number of experienced generals by the time of joining the war. The commanders and generals who had taken part in World War I were considered as sympathetic to the King and as such were taken to Africa and specifically in Somalia to do away with opposition in homeland.Other tactics involved the demotion of officers who were loyal to the King to lower ranks and replacing them with those that were considered loyal to the II duce. Mussol ini asserted full control of the media and all organs of the state and those who criticized him were exiled in the wastelands of Italy such as Somalia. The remainder was composed of loyal military commanders and generals who were loyal to Mussolini and acted as his own stooges. This consisted of a class in the military that lacked the experience to handle a full scale war.Italys navy had very limited number of ships that were capable of defending its territorial waters (Gregory, pp 86-99). Poor leadership in the military and the lack of will to fully implement Mussolinis objectives were main contributors to Italys unsuccessful conquests. Italy could not come out the war victorious. The Italian command sensing loss after the Axis evacuated their strongholds in Italy such as the Island of Sicily and the loss of Messina (Atkinson, pp 201-220).The high army command then undefendable secret negotiations with the Allied forces behind Mussolinis back with the full support of the King who felt betrayed by Mussolini and undermined his position. He in fact goddam Mussolini on political problems that befell Italy. This almost marked the end of Italys active military involvement in the war. The unrelenting Germans disarmed Italian soldiers and rushed in to take up their positions upon realizing that they were about to surrender to the Allied forces.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is obvious that Italian military under the command of Mussolini was headed to a big failure in the war as they got involved into a war the least prepared for and lack of political will to fight Mussolinis personal war. The whole military at that time lacked both the natural and human resource and everything was undertaken to please Mussolinis desire to gain a greater control of Europe. Questions as to why Mussolinis would drive an ill equipped army into a full scale war remain baffling to date.The terming of Italian soldiers as cowards was utterly baseless as they fought so well under the experien ced guidance of German soldiers led to defeat in Greece and the continuous successful offensive along the Russian borders. It was because a multiple number of factors that led to Italys early surrender but not cowardice. Mussolinis inability to learn and change tactics was the major contributor to the progressive loss of war. Lastly it can be said that Italy bravely fought and lost.