Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm Essay

As be restoredth anxiety providers, it is natural to want to heal the patients completely. Today, many mass are wanting and filming more from their health fear scheme. The better hospital paradigm incorporates the process of sensible improve, as s well as the mind and spiritual improve (Erie Chapman Foundation, 2009). Spirituality is the foundation of the meaning of life. For some, the foundation is built on religion and for others it may hold things exchangeable music, art, family or the company (Erie Chapman Foundation, 2009). This paper will identify the concepts of a ameliorate hospital, technological advances, and the physical design of the hospital, along with the ending in which make headways a holistic approach to total patient bang.When planning to create a healing environment in a hospital setting, the most of the essence(predicate) thing to remember is the patient. ameliorate environments give the patients a sense of protect, and a sense of safety. T his type of environment helps the patient and family cope with the stressors of injury and illness. The comp acents of a healing environment complicate three important elements. The first is a healing physical environment, which encompasses not nevertheless how to care for the patient, but to care for their families, caregivers and also the members of staff (Eberst, 2008). A healing environment should focus on reducing noise levels as well as fewer nighttime time interruptions of sleep, this is known to promote rest and healing. Providing a room with a focus on lighting, music, color and architectural design, can also promote healing (Ananth, Kreisberg, & Jonas, 2011). Working in a quieter environment helps staff have sex an overall less stressed area to do their acetify, which results in fewer errors. The next component of importance is that of an integrating work design with tender technology. This focus is on patient privacy, a more efficient work environment for staff, and advanced technology in the hospital to support the healing process.The last component is essential to creating a Healing Hospital. Incorporating the Radical attractive Care philosophy to all that staff the hospital, from housekeeping to the physicians. This philosophy was certain by Erie Chapman, a well-known healthcare industry leader. The philosophy encourages a culturally compassionate, delivery of care to patients and their families. This type of care promotes healing a patient using a holistic approach,meeting the physical need of the patient as well as their emotional and spiritual ask (Eberst, 2008). A great example of a healing hospital is gentleness Gilbert Hospital, built in 2006, located in beautiful Arizona. This adroitness operates under the 2008 CEO of the year, Laurie Eberst. (Erie Chapman Foundation, 2009). During the building of this hospital, Ms .Eberst focused not only on the structure of the facility but also the staff and culture of caring that they deliv er to their patients and family members. iodine program that stands out is the No One Dies Alone program. Volunteers for this program are specially trained to be with the demise patient when loved ones are not able to be present. Also, the situation that the code team stays with the patient who has passed in order to laurels the life of that patient (Erie Chapman Foundation, 2009). These are all standards of care at pardon Gilbert, and what helps this hospital stand out from the rest.The scraps to creating a healing hospital include many of the same challenges of building any healthcare system. Some of these issues include the process of getting the entire healthcare team involved and take part in a new model of delivering care to the patients. The budget for the education, teaching the entire staff and providing the newest technology for the hospital. Nurses and physicians experience high burnout rates from the physical and mental challenges of their careers. Stresses of the occupation can bring about physical illness, including musculoskeletal, as well as mental issues such as depression (Ananth, Kreisberg, & Jonas, 2011). Nurses and physicians need to heal their own mind, body and soul in order to care for others using a compassionate and loving culture of care. Another challenge is being able to engage the whole community, making new partners for a better living environment. The foundation of health and better living starts with the people of the community being more proactive in their health (Neigher & Hakim, 2011).In the King James Version of the give-and-take, one verse that relates to a healing hospital is Galatians 328, it states that There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither tie nor free, there is neither male nor female for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. (King James online, n.d.). This verse represents the healthcare community in all that they do. They should, in a healingenvironment, as well as in their communities, treat everyone equally. It does not matter where a soul comes from, how practically money they have, what type of insurance one holds, or how much they contribute to society, everyone should be treated equally and wholly. In a radix loving and caring culture, the belief is that we are not pitying beings having an occasional(a) spiritual experience, but that we are spiritual beings having a temporary human experience (Spirituality, n.d., p. 1) Each and every encounter we experience as humans, with another, is a blessed encounter.In conclusion, a healing hospital environment provides comfort and compassion to patients and their families during difficult, stressful times in their lives. A positive environment promotes total body healing. Change is something that is constant for growth. It takes only a few committed individuals to start the change in any organization (Neigher & Hakim, 2011).ReferencesAnanth, S., Kreisberg, J., & Jonas, W. (2011). Exploring the accomplishment of healing. Retrieved from http//www.samueliinstitute.org Eberst, L. (2008, March/April). Arizona medical center shows how to be a Healing Hospital. Health Progress, 89, 77-79. Retrieved from https//library.gcu.edu2443/login?url=http//search.proquest.com.library.gcu.edu2048/docview/274635012?accountid=7374 Erie Chapman Foundation. (2009, April 12). Days 102-104- top ten healing hospital list & CEO of the year. Radical Loving Care- The journal of Sacred. Retrieved from http//journalofsacredwork.typepad.com Neigher, W. D., & Hakim, S. M. (2011, June 17). Creating a Sustainable healing culture throughout a healthcare system using community psychology principles as a guide. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 2(3), 1-25. Retrieved from http//www.gjcpp.org Seeking Spirituality. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.spiritualfocus.com/spiritual-quotes The official King James Bible online. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Bible-Verses-About-Hospitals/

Philosophy metaphysics Essay

In lodge to clearly dish out the premier disbelief, it is signifi digestt first to answer the misgiving what is the instinct for Aristotle and as such retrace it an account of how he views substance and separability. Aristotle posits in de Anima that the soul is the substance in the sense which corresponds to the definitive formula of a social functions essence. That mode that it is the subjective whatness of a em consistence of the character sightly assigned. (Book II, 412b). As such, the soul is the essence of existence and the essence of creation is its substance.By being, Aristotle refers to the thing itself maculation by essence he refers to the old essence of the thing itself wherein unmatched is treated as the landing field in its give birth right i. e. the right itself is treated as the essence of the good. It place be deduced and so, using conjectural syllogism that if soul is the essence of a being and the essence of being is its substance, and s o the soul is the substance of a being. He argued upgrade that whatever is has a being, whatever has a being has a substance this as the cornerst bingle of his epistemology. becausece, whatever is has a substance.This implies so that being is identical to substance. If such is the mooring, and so using the principle of excluded middle, being is also identical to soul. Now, let us elucidate the concept of separability. Aristotle first distinguished the difference between the form and the soul. The luggage compartment as he evinced corresponds to what exists in potentiality, it being the subject or matter of a possible actuality. Soul, on the early(a) hand, is a substance (actuality) in the sense of the form of a natural frame having life potenti on the wholey inside it it is the actuality of the body. Aristotle, Book II, 421b) As he delineates the variety between the body and soul, iodin should non be mislead in regarding the two as sort entities. They argon at what ever testify seems to be separate for in the former we argon talking close a corporeal body in its spatio-temporal existence while in the latter we are talking of an incorporeal body pinching in the spatio-temporal world. However, their separability in terms of space and time does not mean they are separate as whole that is an entity having life.As Aristotle argues the soul is insepar subject from its body, or at any(prenominal) rate that definite parts of it are (if it has parts) for the actuality of some of them is secret code al champion the actualities of their bodily parts. (Aristotle, Book II, 413a). He argues further that body bathnot be the actuality of the soul it is the soul which is the actuality of a certain conformation of body. Hence the soul thr whiznot be without a body, while it send packingnot be a body it is not a body but something relative to a body. That is wherefore it is in a body and a body of a expressed kind. (Book I, 421a).It stomach be deduced and then that soul and the body are insepar satisfactory with severally new(prenominal). It is because the essence of both their existence lies in the mutualness of their telos the soul actualizing the potential life in the body while the body providing an entity for the soul to actualize itself in the material world. Since the soul is the actuality of natural body, then naturally it would go for certain kneads which it can actualize. Aristotle has identified these functions to be the chase (1. ) supplys of self- upkeep or the nutritive function (2. powers of sensation which includes the sensorial and appetitive function (3. ) the power of movement and rest or the locomotive function and (4. ) the power of thinking. With these functions, he posited a psychic power of hierarchy. He claimed that of the psychic powers mentioned above, some kinds of beings posses all of these, some possess less than all while others posses solo one. As such, plainly, the plants posse ss the power of self-nutrition wherein they can grow up or down and increase or decrease in all pedagogy as long they can find nutrients in the soil. It is done their own means that they continue tolive.Even though the plants possess solitary(prenominal) one function of the soul, it is a great wonder how they continuously subsist on their own. Next is the power of sensation, which is possess by all animals. All animals possess the power of sensation because they all have the primary form of sense, which is touch. Aristotle defended and further elaborated this judgement in de Anima. To wit if any order of alimentation things has the sensory, it mustiness also have the appetitive for appetite is the genus of which propensity, passion, and wish are the species now all animals have one sense at least, to wit ouch, and whatever has a sense has the capacity for pleasure and pain and accordingly has pleasant and painful objects present to it, and wherever these are present, in t hat location is desire, for desire is just appetition of what is pleasant. (BookII, 414b) From the arguments stated above, it can be evidently inferred not just how Aristotle proven that all animals possess at least one sense, the touch, but also how he scientifically deduced that all animals by virtue of their sensory function, possess appetitive function, withal.From all these animals, there are some which possessed the power of locomotion, advancing them to a higher stratum. These are animals which can ladder any kind of movements together with the capacity to halt such movement. Lastly, the valet de chambre beings possessed all of the above-mentioned functions placing them on the top of the hierarchy. They posses the power of thinking, which is the essential feature of the human beings and which separates them apart from all other species. Analyzing the theoretical mannikin Aristotle succumbed to, it can be construed then that for him any being has a soul.This is evidently manifested in his attempt to prove the groundings of his epistemology extending his claim to the psychic hierarchy wherein he posited that every kind of financial support thing any entity for that matter possesses certain function/s of the soul It should be put in mind, however, that even off Aristotle posited the different functions of the soul they are in essence, insepar subject. An example of this is the function of nutrition (by eating) which human beings in particular do in order to in good order and clearly think. The latter being also a function of the soul.Evidently, every function of the soul is interconnected with each other especially in the case of the Homo sapiens, who possessed all the enumerated functions of the soul. Aristotle notions of cause can be rooted in his invention of acquaintance in his epistemology. It is from his conception of have it awayledge arises his other assertions on how he views the world. It is common sensical then to claim that his con ception of the mind or any other things transcending from their spatio-temporal existence, his metaphysics, is grounded on his epistemology.As such, it is with conclusion importance to first answer how Aristotle regards the nature of knowledge and how does one able to acquire knowledge so as to provide an answer on his notion of intellect. Knowledge for him can only be found within the material world that is things, which are intelligible by senses. It is then through our go with this objects in their spatio-temporal existence that we know to know them. He mentioned the addresses of how we can arrive to know these objects by perception, discrimination and thinking.By perception here, I mean the process of how our senses operate to recognize things in the material word. inequality then come ins simultaneous with perception in order to give a concrete description of the thing being perceived. In example, upon the perception of a certain plant, we can able to distinguish its st ructure and other ontical features as the mind started to categorized. As a corollary, we arrived at the conclusion that what we perceived is thusly a plant. From there, we judged that what we perceived is therefore a plant and hence, arriving in the state of thinking.It can be deduced then that through thinking, one can able to comprehend the ontical features of an object and by virtue ones reason, its primary essence. By primary essence, I mean the telos or the end itself of a thing. Since reason for Aristotle is innate in human beings so is intellect. It is because for Aristotle, reason is an essential property of the mind that is of the intellect. If that is the case, then reason for Aristotle is relatively tantamount to the intellect.Husserl, on the other hand regarded the process of intuition as the first aim of cognition wherein the objects are batch in its original thru sire. This is also the case when one is cognizing objects of mere representations which includes but not limited to pictorial intuitions and any means of symbolic indications. To wit, experiencing is consciousness that intuits something and values it to be actual experiencing is in and of itself characterized as consciousness of the natural object in question and of it as the original there is consciousness of the original as being there in person.The same thing can be expressed by saying that objects would be nothing at all for the cognizing subject if they did not appear to him, if he had of them no phenomenon. Here, therefore, phenomenon signifies a certain content that intrinsically inhabits the intuitive consciousness in question and is the substrate for its actuality valuation. (Husserl, p. 3) It is only but logical to infer that experience plays a vital role in the cognition of a certain object. As such, it is only upon experience, can one theorized and moved to a higher level of cognition.A thing must first be intuited before one can theorize around them. And after the orizing, comes the process of aspect. Evidently, both Aristotle and Husserl believed in the value of experience in which the former calls perception and the latter intuition. From these processes arises higher forms of cognition wherein the end entrust for Aristotle is thinking through the use of reason while for Husserl, it is consummate(a) reflexion as a result of phenomenology. It is then with utmost importance to first clarify, what does Husserl meant by intellect and egotism.As such, in what process does a person uses his intellect. Furthermore, what is the difference of aspect from pure reflection and of the empirical ego to the unknown Ego? Also, one should answer the question what is phenomenology? and why it is only through this process one can arrive at pure reflection? For Husserl, intellect is identical with consciousness as Ego is identical to Self. As such, when one speaks of intellect, one is referring to consciousness and vice-versa. Such is also the case w ith the Ego and the Self.Reflection is the process wherein one is looking not towards the act of reflection itself but rather in the direction of the objects one is conscious of. As such, one is absorbed in reflecting how these objects exist rather than asking how they come into being or essentially, enquiring on their primordial existence. If the consciousness is moving towards this kind of reflection, then the Ego is only in his/her ontical (empirical) status. Pure reflection, on the other hand, is the process wherein the consciousness is reflecting his consciousness that is the act of reflection per se.This is the case wherein the Ego transcends from his ontical stage by describing the takingss i. e. relating, referring, combining, et al in his consciousness. And this can only be done thru the process of phenomenology. What is phenomenology then? Phenomenology is defined as the science of consciousness. (Husserl, p. 5) It is the process of describing the things and events thems elves in their primordial sense through the use of phenomenological reduction. Phenomenological reduction then is the process wherein one suspends his/her preconceived notion of things in order to designly describe the objects and events as what it appears to them.It only thru this process that we can arrive at pure reflection because this is the only method wherein objects and events are describe as themselves without concurring to any open up principle or assumption. Evidently, Aristotles notion of intellect and Husserls notion of Ego posited the strength of mind in general transcending from space and time. If that is the case, then the conception of a person is not only confined within the physical realm that is he can do things beyond the limit of his physical existence in his trip to unravel the primordial existence of objects and any discipline for that matter.However, what sets them apart from each other is their notion on how one can really grasp the ontological state o f an object or in the words of Kant their intentionality. Aristotle believed that one can only know the ontological state of a thing by referring to its primary essence, its telos as the context clue in able to grasp the objects primary essence. For Husserl, on the other hand, it is only through the use of phenomenological method can one comprehend the ontological state of objects.In Being and Time, Heidegger attempted to know the meaning of a Being that is the Dasein, by starting to ask and redefine the fundamental question of What is a Being? He further continued this method by asking the ontological question of Being that only a being can know his Being because he is consciousness to his Being by his being. His starting point is the fact that a being is a Being-in-the-World. He is a being situated in this world. As such, it is only him who can know his being by virtue of his ontic-ontological character.If that is the case, then it is only him who can determine his possibilitie s by virtue of being a spatio-temporal entity. Since no other entities can determine his possibilities as a being conscious of his existence, then the Dasein solely can ascertain his existentiall. It can be deduced then that the undertaking of Dasein is to transcend to his existentiell in order to arrive at his ontological status. He can only do this by maximizing his possibilities to know himself thru the things which are ready-at-hand things which can help him to reveal his being to him.It should be kept in mind that this process of knowing the Dasein does not go in hermeneutic circles rather on a back and forth condition Dasein as a spatio-temporal entity is facing a hard time to know his being because there is a tendency that he might be too absorb in his world or fall. Yet what Heidegger wants to emphasize is that he as a Dasein should not conceive his being as a spatio-temporal entity an encumbrance to his Being. It is because it is only through this world he can have his po ssibilities. This separates him from other entities and makes him a Dasein.Evidently, Heideggers notion of Dasein greatly gives importance to the human relationship of the Being and the world which is also apparent in Aristotle notion of intellect and Husserls notion of Ego. However, what separates the former from the latter is that it focused on providing an answer on how one can transcend to his facticity in order to ontologically know his Being. The latter, on the other hand, focuses in discovering the essence and the ontological existence of the objects in the material world. mystical phenomenology is defined in general as the record of essence.It designates two things a new kind of descriptive method which make a breakthrough in philosophy at the turn of the century, and an a priori science derived from it a science which is intended to supply the basic cock for a rigorously scientific philosophy and, in its consequent application, to make possible a methodical reform of al l the sciences. (Husserl, p. 15) Essentially, transcendental phenomenology then is a description of phenomena. Husserl, then, laid down the method to achieve the objective of reforming all the sciences.The first step is the use of phenomenological epoche or reduction or bracketing wherein one suspends or take away all his/her biases and prejudices in order to objectively describe a phenomena. By doing this, we can arrive at a universal description of a phenomena. This will be followed by the compare and contrast method which one will have to start out in order to arrive at the pure data of things. It appears then that by suspending ones judgment and undergoing the intersubjectivity test, we can arrive at the pure data of things.In relation to this, Husserl claims that this method should be followed by all sciences in order to answer their primordial condition. It is held that sciences cannot escape their dogmas because it fails to question how they come to be. What they are just do ing is a mere adaptation of established principles proven in the past to be true. Since these established principles were proven in the past to be true, scientists or people who work in the sciences do not make any attempt to further verify the reality of their established principles that is how and why is it the case that such principles were held to be true.For indisputably, things cannot just come into being without any rationalization, scientific explanation for that matter. Sciences have constructed ready-made answers to all things their nature, existence, feature, et al grounded on the preconceived notion that sciences have already provided fit answers to the primitiveness of these objects. While sciences are busy in explaining these things the ready-made answers, they failed to know that they were not able to arrived at the Isness of these objects, on how they come into being.However, since the sciences had already deceived the people, that in the past, it already provid ed sufficient answers to the primordial existence of things, it appears then they are patently contented and satisfied by what the sciences have achieved. This is what phenomenology wants to deconstruct it wanted to wee-wee a paradigm shift by destroying the tradition institutionalized by science and overcoming relativism and subjectivism by the use of phenomenological reduction. From these, one can arrive at the pure data of consciousness.It is in this sense, that phenomenology becomes transcendental. Phenomenology is different from descriptive psychology because it draws upon pure reflection exclusively, and pure reflection excludes, as such, every type of outer experience and therefore precludes any co positing of objects alien to consciousness. (Husserl, p. 7) Descriptive psychology then does not depend upon pure reflection exclusively it involve psychological experiencing which would result to the reflection of the external experience.As such, consciousness itself become s something transcendent, becomes an event in that spatial world which appears, by virtue of consciousness, to be transcendent. (Husserl, p. 7) It can be inferred then that phenomenology focuses solely on the consciousness per se of a being making it the science of consciousness while descriptive psychology focuses on the consciousness of a being in his psychic experiences.Transcendental noble-mindedness states that everything intuited in space and time, and therefore all objects of any experience possible to us, are nothing but appearances, that is, mere representations which, in the manner in which they are represented, as extended beings or as series of alterations, have no independent existence outside our thoughts. (Kant, p. 1) As such, it posits that one cannot have the knowledge of the realm beyond the empirical that is one cannot experience objects outside space and time.It is because the mind as Kant argues having certain constraints in reference to space and time can only grasp the cognition of the object but not its noumena the objects intentionality. It can be inferred then that transcendental idealisms fundamental assertions lies on two grounds first, objects by themselves exudes intentionality and secondly, we can never know their intentionality or noumena because our mind can only grasp the noesis or what is appearing to us. Phenomenology believes on Kants first claim that indeed objects have their own intentionality but vies the second assertion.As such, its emergence as a domain of study in philosophy is grounded on its pigeon berry to prove that indeed the mind can know the noumena of objects. Phenomenology believes that this can be done using eidetic reductionism proving to all that the mind can transcend beyond the physical realm beyond space and time. Essentially, all the philosophies which were tackled in this paper seek to explain and interpret the world including the objects within it and the beings living in it from the primor dial existence of things up to the authentication of ones Being.

John Hughes: Reaching New Levels of Achievement in Hollywood

flush toilet Hughes Reaching New Levels of Achievement in Hollywood David Bordwell (2006) firmly believes that when faced with the challenge of creating, people ask themselves how they hind end raise the premises to new levels of achievement, or revive a disreputable genre. He argues that people challenge themselves with the question How can I make daily connections to a smashing(p)er extent felicitous, twists more unexpected, compositors case psychology more involving, excitement more intense, motifs more tightly woven? How can I display my consume virtuosity? Following this quote and my own research, Ive come to believe that magic trick Hughes is a very significant example of a holdmaker to create a whole new level of achievement in Hollywood. As the director and writer of several well- sack outn teen delineations such(prenominal) as 16 Candles (1984), The breakfast Club (1985), and Ferris Buellers Day Off (1986), from the mid-1980s Hughes has been prise as one of the mo re influential figures of Hollywood for redefining and leaving a long-lasting impression on movies with a teen demographic.Through deeply cogitate on new themes and motifs such as hearty hierarchy, he undeniably changed the teen movie genre forever by creating sympathy and instinct for adolescent characters. In the 1980s, teenagers attitudes were changing, and many theorists believe medicinal drug television was to blame. Shary (2005) states that with celebrity appearances, commercials, and a brand-new, fast-paced style, MTV became the court where youthfulness tillage was told what was cool.He withal believes that the political changes in America to a fault severely influenced teenagers perspectives, especially after the elevator c befree attitudes of Carters presidency turned into the dictatorial dictates of Regans decade. He states that The new Republican ethos may afford won over voters, further at the same time its naive on the dot say no approach to serious adoles cent choices gave youth a renewed sense of irritation for adult authority. To express their views on Americas politics, the youth became eager to experiment with sex and drugs, and Hollywood felt the effect of the youths impact and took note.At this time period, Hollywood was experiencing a transition of sorts, between what was labelled as the Hollywood reincarnation (Schatz,1993), into a more contemporary style of cinema which theorist Geoff queer (2002) labelled as New Hollywood Version 2. To witness the breakthrough of tin Hughes movies, we must understand that before his directorial debut of Sixteen Candles, films of the 1980s were not sympathetic to teens, and the majority f said films came in the form of slasher movies, or sex-comedies, where audiences would watch teenagers be embarrassed and hurt in various different forms. In this period of transition, these movies would reap in profits, but did not focus on character psychology or emphasise performance the guidance ea rlier examples did. In this transition period, Hughes managed, in nearly form, to stay true to the earlier, character-based films, but still managed to produce a self-made profit, without any high-scale production that would turn his films into the newer, blockbuster style pictures.He often worked on more than one movie at once, and released them very close together, in a way that provided more coin for the studios, as his reputation as a director became more well-known and his movies became more successful. Its burning(prenominal) to note also, that his films were released at a time where VCR and home videos were congruous more and more popular, which meant that young adults could watch his films over and over at home, and create a personal relationship with the characters.As a director, Hughes knew exactly what he wanted to show teenagers as important, intelligent, and not the sex-crazed and shallow adolescents that earlier movies pictured them to be. Gora (2010) proposes tha t What would set Hughes apart, in an age when other filmmakers were quick to portray teens as vapid, horny, pimpled caricatures, was that he was wise enough to present the teenage go across with the pain, seriousness, and melodrama that so often imbues age. As proven by films such as Losin It (1983) and niggling Darlings (1980), many movies in the early 1980s revolved only around the quest of teens to lose their virginity (Shary, 2005). Although Hughes has focused on the theme of sex, it is just one of many different themes and motifs in his films, including the ever-popular idea of social hierarchy, or parental closet. Sixteen Candles, centres around the story of sixteen-year old surface-to-air missile (portrayed by molly Ringwald), whose birthday is forgotten by her family in favour of her aged sisters wedding the next day.This film includes the only all nude scene of any of Hughes movies, and was only included due to pressure from the network, who insisted that it was neede d in order to compete with the other teen films on the market. The scene itself is not remotely sexual however, and exists only to emphasise Sams self-consciousness, when she and her best friend spy on the girlfriend of her biggest chide whilst in the shower after gym. It does include many of the cliches, such as the virgin esperate to have sex, the thick teen driving an expensive car which will undoubtedly be wrecked mosthow, or a manse party where the house is destroyed, but unlike other teen films, it encourages us to laugh with the characters rather than at them. To portray the idea of social hierarchy, where some sort of clique is better than another, Hughes often uses a form of what Roz Kaveney (2006) entitles the anthropology barb. Kaveney states that such shots establish a number of social groups among high shoal students and pan between them to demonstrate social divisions.This shot can be effective because despite the fact that we will only really know a few select c haracters, it is able to establish the kind of surroundings they are living in. An example of said shot is used in Sixteen Candles, introducing the geeks at the dance. Although Hughes did not invent the shot, many films have reproduced the way he used it, such as sloshed Girls (2004), where the character Janice introduces Cady to the social cliques in the cafeteria.As well as the anthropology shot, Hughes also used many low-angle shots in his films to connote the sense of inadequacy teenagers feel when looking at the world. This is also used often when the characters talk to adults, and is especially prominent in The Breakfast Club when the characters talk to the principal. This shows the control Principal Vernon has over the kids, and enforces the belief that because they are young, they arent as powerful. Hughes, as a director, paid a great deal of attention to setting social background in his films.The gap of The Breakfast Club, the story of five teens of different cliques who must spend their Saturday in detention, uses single shots to give us a feel for each character. Claire, for example, the common rich and popular princess is introduced with the shot of a prom queen poster, although we harbourt formally met her character yet. Similarly, John curved shape, the criminal problem-child, is introduced using a shot of a vandalized locker with a noose attached.The film officially stretchs with a glass-shattering transition to an introductory shot of the high school, which could be look at as foreshadowing eventually, the characters defences are broken down, and they open up to each other to become friends. The writing of Hughes films brought a great deal of attention to motifs that hadnt been paid much attention before, such as the idea of the child acting like the parent. A prime of life example of this is Sixteen Candles, where Sams mother apologises to her for missing her birthday. In this scene, Sam, the teenager, is the one to comfort her emotio nal mother, and say Its okay, these things happen.Themes also explored were the ideas parental pressure, such as The Breakfast Club, where geeky Brian contemplated suicide because he feared his parents would be disappointed in him for failing his first class, or the theme of money and social classes, which Hughes addressed by pairing Claire and Bender together the rich girl with the poor boy. He also brings a new illumination to female sexuality, which the character of Alison addresses directly If you say you havent youre a prude. And if you say you have, youre a slut. Its a trap. visual perception such touching scenes on screen empowers teens, and helps the audience sympathize with their experiences. verbalise themes have since been addressed in many teen movies to this date, such as Clueless (1995) or open A (2010). The impact that John Hughes has left hand on Hollywood is undoubtable and everlasting. Despite the fact that it has been over twenty-five eld since The Breakfast C lub was released, for example, countless references are still made to the film in todays pop furyure, including homages in NBCs cult TV show Community and a mention in CWs Gossip Girl (were the non-judging Breakfast Club).Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons and Futurama, is also a huge fan of the film. Bart Simpsons famous catch phrase eat my shorts is a direct reference to John Benders line, which he says defiantly to Principal Vernon. Judd Nelsons portrayal of the character was also the inspiration for the name of Futuramas temperamental robot Bender. The movie has also been spoofed in many American advertisements, including the 2008 commercial for chain attire store JCPenney.The back-to-school line was heavily influenced by The Breakfast Club, and featured teenagers dance in a library to the most popular song from the soundtrack, move intot You Forget About Me. Not Another Teen word picture (2001) was a complete parody of the majority of Hughes material, and featured a ca meo from Molly Ringwald as an adult who disapproved of teenagers. To this day, Hughes is continually paid homage to, and because of the way he changed the portrayal of teenagers, people will continue to do so for a long time. (Word count 1,643) References & Bibliography Driscoll, C (2011).Teen Film A Critical Introduction. UK Berg. Easy A, 2010. DVD Will Gluck, United States Sony Pictures. Clueless, 1995. DVD Amy Heckerling, United States Universal Pictures. Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986. DVD John Hughes, United States prevalent Pictures Gora, S (2010). You Couldnt Ignore Me If You Tried The panic Pack, John Hughes, and their Impact on a Generation. New York Crown print Group Kaveney, R (2006). Teen Dreams Reading Teen Film and goggle box from Heathers to Veronica Mars. London I. B. Tauris King, G (2002). New Hollywood Cinema An Introduction.LondonI. B. Tauris Little Darlings, 1980. DVD Ronald F. Maxwell, United States Stephen Friedman/Kings Road Productions Losin It, 1983. DVD Curtis Hanson, United States Tiberius Film Productions Mean Girls, 2004. DVD Mark Waters, United States Paramount Pictures Pretty in Pink, 1986. DVD Howard Deutch, United States Paramount Pictures Shary, T (2005). Teen Movies American Youth on Screen. London wallflower Press Sixteen Candles, 1984. DVD John Hughes, United States Universal Pictures The Breakfast Club, 1985. DVD John Hughes, United States Universal Pictures

Love and Diane Essay

Synopsis shaft & Diane tells the larger-than-life story of a family over three generations. At its heart lies the super charged relationship between a m another(prenominal) and fille, desperate for issue and forgiveness but caught in a devastating cycle. For roll in the hay, the world changed unceasingly when she and her siblings were torn from their mother, Diane. Separated from her family and thrust into a terrifying world of institutions and entertain homes, the memory of that moment is more(prenominal) vivid to her than her present life. Ten days have passed since that day and erotic love and her five siblings have been reunited with their mother.But each(prenominal) have been changed by the historic period of separation. They are almost strangers to each other and Love is tormented by the thought that it was her fault. At 8 historic period old she was the one who revealed to a teacher that her mother was an drug addict. today she is 18 and HIV+. And she has scan tily given birth to a son, Donyaeh. For Love & Diane this baby represents everything good and hopeful for the future. But that hope is mixed with fear. Donyaeh has been natural with the HIV virus and months must pass before his final view is kn possess.As Diane struggles to make her family whole again and to realize some of her own dreams, Love seems to be drifting further and further away from her child. Diane, torn by her own guilt over her childrens fate when she was an addict, tries to aid and to care for her grandson. But when Diane confides her fears for her daughter to a therapist, the police suddenly come out at the door. Donyaeh is taken from Loves arms and it seems to the family as if taradiddle has repeated itself. Now Love must face the same or appropriate her mother had faced years before.She is charged with neglect and must fold up to a world of tender workers, therapists and prosecutors that she is a fit mother. And Diane must get news program the courage to turn away from her guilt and grasp a view to pursue her long-deferred dreams. While the painting takes us deep into the life of a single family, it also offers a provocative look at the tough system that aims to help but as often frustrates the familys attempts to improve their situation. The film differs from many documentaries that deal with the problems facing poor communities in that it eschews talk eads and interviews with experts and aims instead to immerse the viewer in the experiences and thoughts of a family trying to defy and retain autonomy in the face of terrible challenges. Love Diane Inner-City vapors An Interview with Jennifer Dworkin For over eight years Jennifer Dworkin documented the personal struggles of a recovering crack addict and her troubled daughter in Love Diane. Fellow long-term filmmaker Steve mob talks with Dworkin approximately her grand work of American vrit filmmaking.I first heard close Jennifer Dworkins Love & Diane when it played at t he 2002 New York Film fiesta. though I missed seeing it because I live in Chicago, the word was that this was a special film, one in which the filmmaker spent years intimately following the lives of a family. Since thats been my own filmmaking M. O. , I knew this was a documentary I had to see. So in November, when I finally did dip into my seat at Amsterdams International Documentary Festival to watch the film, I had pretty high expectations. Love & Diane lived up to them and more.Its a powerful, uncompromising, yet compassionate portrait of a mother and daughter coping with a hard life in Brooklyn and an even more difficult personal history between them. In the best common sense of the word, the film is a throwback to the heyday of cinema vrit filmmaking in the 60s and early 70s, When the Maysles were in their prime and young filmmakers like Barbara Kopple were making their mark. Love Diane is one of those films where the filmmaker earned such intimate access and the bank of her subjects that it gives viewers a rare and complex glimpse into the lives of people we rarely really see in films.And like most great film subjects, Diane Hazzard and her daughter, Love, continually con open our expectations of what it means to be a ghetto mom or an ex-crack addict or a black teenage mother. Meeting and get to know the director, Jennifer Dworkin, was one of the pleasures of the Amsterdam festival. My film, Stevie, also played there, and Jennifer and I found unexpected common ground in the stories each of our films tells. Both films deal with troubled family history, struggles between a parent and child, foster care, poverty and the social service and legal systems.Yet, in other ways, Stevie and Love Diane, couldnt be more different. Filmmaker gave me a chance to talk further with Jennifer about her impressive first film and compare notes about how we each went about making such demanding and challenging films. Steve James How long did you spend on this film? Jennifer Dworkin You know, I never answer that question. James Really? Dworkin No, just kidding laughs. If you count directions I started but didnt end up use in the film, about eight years, including editing. But not full time. James Of course not. How could one survive? Dworkin Exactly.

Plate Tectonics Essay Essay

Assess the cleverness of the relationship between tectonic edgees and major land ferments on the hides surface.Tectonic processes have been responsible for the major land tunes across the Earths surface. These processes argon controlled by the convection currents ascent from the Earths mantle.Firstly, unmatchable coif where tectonic activity occurs is at naval to oceanic constructive weighing machine boundaries. Here two musical scales diverge or move away from apiece other, pushed apart by huge convection currents In the earths mantle. These convection currents argon initiated by heat energy produced from radioactive decay in the earths core. As the convection currents move the shields away from each other, there is a weaker zone in the crust and an increase in heat burn vanquish the surface. The hotter, expanded crust forms a ridge. Magma outsets up from the mantle in the gap. The lava cools, solidifies and forms a chain of volcanic mountains thousands of miles long down the middle of the ocean eg. Atlantic. there are transform faults at right angles to the ridge. The movement of these faults builds faulting valleys to occur.Examples of these landforms created by constructive menage margins are the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MIR) , and the dandy African rift valley (GARV). The MIR is the result of the North American domicile and Eurasian case diverging in the middle of the Atlantic ocean. Here, volcanic islands such as Iceland, the Canary islands and ascension island have been created by the rising magma from the mantle. The GARV is an recitation of where the crust has dropped down between parallel faults to form rift valleys. As the crust subducts into the mantle it melts causing igneous activity below, magma to rise and therefore volcanoes erupt on the surface as a result. prove of this volcanic activity is shown by Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro. The lava here has a low viscosity, it really hot (1200 C) and has a low silica content.An utilization of where landforms have been created at a different abode boundary, a detrimental graduated table margin, is where two crustal plates, the Nazca plate, an oceanic plate, and the South American plate, a Continental plate, converge. Here, two plates meet and the denser oceanic geosphere of the Nazca plate is forced down under the more buoyant continental lithosphere ofthe South American plate, descending at an angle into the mantle in a process called subduction. This is marked on the ocean surface by the presence of the Peru-Chilie trench. The clangor between the plates prevents the subducting oceanic plate from sliding smoothly. As it descends it drags against the overlie plate causing both fracture and deform.This results in frequent shallow sharpen earthquakes The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile produced the largest earthquake ever recorded, with a magnitude of 9.5 in 1960. Volcanoes are also created here as one plate subducts and partiall y melts the magma rises up through with(predicate) fissures and can reach the surface. The theatrical role of lava here is andesitic, very high in silica and not very hot resulting in a composite volcano being make out of layers of ash and lava. The cascade mountain range is an example of where a destructive plate boundary has caused the Juan de Fuca plate to subduct under the North American plate. This resulted in 15 composite volcanoes being formed, one of them, Mount St. Helens. standardised to the peru-chile region, the Japanese islands are situated in a subduction zone. In the northwestern margin of the Pacific oceans, the pacific plate and Philippine plate converge. On the pacific side, trenches run parallel to these islands. As one plate subducts at a lower place the other, it heats up and melted magmas rise towards the surface. These Japanese island arcs extend 3000km and magma produced under them form felsic plutonic rocks (granite), some of which erupts on the surfac e to make volcanoes. Large-scale defining of granites develops the crust of island arc.On the other hand, some tectonic activity doesnt produce any landform. An example is at the San Andreas Fault. Although both plates are paltry in a north westerly direction, the pacific plate Is touching faster than the north American plate (7cm/year faster), so the recounting movement of the north American plate is to the south east. The pacific plate is being moved northwest due to the sea pull down paste from the pacific coast rise in the gulf of California. The North American plate is being pushed west and north due to sea floor spreading of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Movement is sporadic and jerky. Frictional forces lock the blocks of lithosphere together for years at a time. When frictional forces are overcome, the plates drift andshallow focus earthquakes are generated.Similarly, landforms can be produced without the source of tectonic activity. The Hawaiian islands are not connected wi th any plate boundary. The volcanic area is caused by a localized hot spot beneath the pacific plate. A concentration of radioactive elements inside the mantle may cause such a hotspot to develop. From this, a plume of magma rises to eat into the plate above the hotspot. The hotspot is stationary so as the pacific plate moves over it, lines of basaltic shield volcanoes are created. These can be crumble to have flat tops called guyots. In Hawaii, the main island is closest to the hotspot and so it is the most volcanically active. However as the pacific plate moves north west at 10cm/year, a new island, Loihi will form as the submarine volcano builds up to sea level.Finally, collision plate boundries.. When continental and oceanic plates collide, the thinner and more dense oceanic plate is overridden by the thicker and less dense continental plate. The oceanic plate is forced don into the mantle by a process called subduction. As the oceanic plate descends it is forced into higher te mperature environments. At 100 miles deep the subducting plate begins to melt. The partial melting produces magma chambers above the subducting oceanic plate. The magma ascends through the overlying materials, melting and fracturing its way up. If the magma rises to the surface without solidifying it will break through in the form of a volcanic eruption. The Himalayan mountains are an example of where the Indian continental plate has been put under extreme pressure as it collides with the Eurasian plate, forcing the edges of the pates upwards in to a series of folds, as one subducts beneath the other.In conclusion, the strength of the relationship between tectonic processes and major landforms on earth can be described as strong. There is a clear correlation between the events that occur at constructive, destructive and collision plate boundaries and the landforms produced consequently. Although there are situations where the two are not linked, ultimately the characteristics of th e landform will have been influenced by some overstuffed of tectonic movement. For example, the chains of Hawaiian hotspot islands arein this inning due to the northward movement of the pacific plate.

Case Study: Home Depot Implement Stakeholder Orientation

The foot terminus (NYSE HD) is an American retailer of home procession and construction products and services. The blank space terminal employees Three Hundred Forty basketball team Thousand and it operates 2,193 big-box format stores across the United States (including all 50 U. S. states, the district of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam), Canada (all ten provinces), Mexico and China. The abode computer storage is headquartered from the Atlanta Store defy Center in unin collectived Cobb County, Georgia, near Atlanta.It also operates four altogether owned subsidiaries Apex Supply Company, Georgia Lighting, Maintenance W atomic number 18house, and National Blinds and wallpaper Company sales are all over $81 billion annually The seat reposition is the grandst home-improvement retailer in the United States, ahead of bear on Lowes, and the second-largest general retailer in the United States, behind only Wal-Mart. class memory continues to do things on a grand scale, including putting its corporate muscle behind a tightly focused social debt instrument agenda.Every week 22 cardinal customers visit Home Depot, and that means few conflict associated with providing services in a retail environment pull up stakes occur. However, even Home Depot is feeling stress of the economics crisis they announce on January 26, 2009 that they plan to layoff over 7000 employees employed with their Home Depot (Expo) surgery (Retalindustry. about. com, 2009). Although Home Depots Philanthropic efforts appear to be sincere Home Depot continues to suffer in customer and employee relations. 1. Rank the relative power of Home Depots various stakeholders. Defend why you waste stratified the first three as most important.Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell (2009) define stakeholders as those whose continued association is absolutely necessary to the firms survival. These included employees, customers, investors, shareholders as tumesce as gov ernments and communities listed that provides necessary infrastructure. So Home Depot stakeholders would include the customers, the employees, the communities that upbeat from the philanthropic activities of Home Depot. I ranked the customers first because if Home Depot had no customers they would not need any employees and they would not be subject to military service others.I ranked the employees second because the employees represent Home Depot to the orbit if a customer does not oblige a positive take care with the employees when dealing with them they will probably not make purchases and if no purchases are made no money is made and ultimately, no Home Depot. The tierce important stakeholder is the community because if often benefits from Home Depots relish to give back to the community. All of Home Depots stakeholders listed on their websites would qualify as primary stakeholders 1) Custmoers 2) Associates 3) Communities ) Vendors suppliers 5) Shareholders 2. Evaluat e Home Depots philanthropic activities as a link to its overall corporate strategy. Home Depot has always wanted to be an outlet for the people not just nameers or other professionals. Their mantra is You can do it. We can help. This mantra is exemplified in the philanthropic activities that Home Depot has been a part of. Home Depot has shown that they are committed to giving back to the community with their philanthropic efforts. They absorb given back to the community by donating their time, money, labor and supplies.Their chairtable contributions alone have exceeded $200 million. In 2002, the Home Depot Foundation was established. The foundation supports numerous community projects, including Habitat for Humanity. City of Home Cancer, a California-based cancer-treatment center, and KaBOOM, a playground construction organization. In 2007, the Home Depot Foundtion commited to investing $400 million in grants over the next 10 years, which will entrust in the development of 100 000 affordable, healthy homes for working families, and the planting and preservation of more(prenominal) than three million community trees in urban areas. Homedepotfoundation. org, 2009) All of Home Depots philanthropic activities are too numerous to mention.Giving back to the community by means of philanthropy is one of their eight core values that Home Depot delivers on the most. Through an extensive community relations program , we overstep our to the communities where our associates live and work with philanthropic and volunteer support. Programs bring together volunteerism, do it your self expertise, product donations and monetary grants to meet critical needs and build affordable communities. . How do you think Home Depot has handled ethical issues such as gender variation and other human resource issues over the last ten years? In Aug 2004, as a result of an approved settlement, the U. S. District Judge in Colorado ordered Home Depot to pay $5. 5 million to current and former employees, as well as significant injunctive relief. Like many other large corporations, when there is a settlement there is no admission of awry(p) doing. Home Depot has had a long history on not dealing with it issues of gender discrimination.As a recent blogger best, put it, If Home Depot was serious about handling their long standing gender discrimination issues, it would 1) Stop systematically sexually harassing and discriminating against women, especially in their merchandise organization. 2) Submit gender and race employment information as promised in 2002 to shareholder (oweners) of the company 3) comply with federal and state regulations on contraceptive method coverage, wage discrimination and civil rights issues (especially since they are federal contractors two propagation over). ) Stop encouraging and allowing claims of discrimination, harassment, retaliation to go univestigated or unchecked, and 5) Hold the perpetrators of these actions responsible to their moral turpitude contract clauses and their largely ingoned code of Ethics and HR SOPs. This appears to be an area that still needs work as they have had several lawsuits in recent years related to these issues and are before long involved in a suit. Perhaps additional training in this area and a comprehensive ethical program will help in this area.Referenceshttp//corporate.homedepot.com/, retrieved on October 20 ,2009 http//www.msnbc.msn.com/, retrieved on October 20 ,2009 http//www.homedepot.com/webapp/wcs/, retrieved on October 20 ,2009 978-1-111-08264-2, Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases, 2009 Update, 7e, O.C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell Cengage larn

Obama care Essay

The Presidential election of the fall in States of America is behind us (November 2012), and yet US citizens seem to be dealing with the homogeneous political debates as last class and the year before. Much of this hinges around ideological, political and intellectual differences over what kinds of policies are rightfulness for the American universe. The most controversial is the execution of instrument of the Affordability complaint dally, popularly know as Obama solicitude (see, question). This act was officially signed into natural law on March 23rd 2010. The Afford able-bodied bang Act is the result of a joint effort between all sides of the isle, wellness amends companies, and law makers and has been in the works for decades.The law itself is ground on Romney parcel out, The mummy wellness care napitution policy reform law, St. 2006, c.58 (www.obamacare items.com). Obama Care is useful to the citizens of the coupled States of America. It regulates the well ness insurance industry, and helps to sum up the step, affordability, and availability of wellness insurance. It was projected that Obama Care will change thirty million uninsured individuals to be able to obtain wellness insurance. Given the facts I believe that Obama Care is ingenious, so the thesis of my essay is that Obama Care promotes comparability, enables license, and fixs solidarity in the United States of America. This legislation is compulsory to make the necessary changes in the United States of America.In order to commiserate the assertion that Obama Care enables freedom, promotes reachity, and creates solidarity, the purpose of the affordable Care Act has to be understood, the past healthcare system of the United States of America has to be explained, and the incredulity on the Affordable Care Act has to be eradicated. To begin with, Obama Care is also known as the Affordable Care Act, and the Patient tri juste Act. It was signed into law on March 23rd 201 0. This act affirms the normal that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to healthcare. The purpose of Obama Care is to create new rules for insurers, and to expand medical checkup security to millions of individuals.This is achieved by implementing a health insurance marketplace, where Americans can buy subsidized and regulated health insurance excogitations in a competitive private market. This Act expands Medicaid and Medicare to many tribe. It is secure to the vast bulk of the American population, but most especially the little privileged. The less youmake, the more(prenominal) the Affordable Care Act is of utility to you.This Act does non con physical body the freedom of individuals. Its target audience are those who do not like their current health insurance plan and those who are making fewer than 400% of the Federal pauperisation Level. The Federal Poverty Level is some opposite way of referring to the Federal poverty guidelines. It is one qua ntity of poverty within the United States, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human operate issues it annually to see to it financial eligibility for certain federal programs and benefits These intromit but are not limited to Medicare, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, migrator Health Centers, Community Health Centers, Family and Planning Services, and now Obama Care.The characteristics used to determine poverty thresholds admit family size, number of children and whether or not those in 1- or 2-person units are elderly (www.healthedeals.com). Before the introduction of Obama Care, the primary source of health protection for the American society was Medicaid. Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health related services for people with low income in the United States of America. Medicaid is together with funded by the state and Federal government, and is available to people who not hardly have low income but also meet other criteria much(prenomin al) as being a citizen of the United States of America, be a ageless Resident in the U.S.A, and someone with a disability (see.www.healthcare.gov). However, Medicaid is no daylong capable of providing the citizens with their packs and enough go alongage.The United States of America seeks to close calculate gaps, and it was proposed that Medicaid be put into a block grant or lie program, with significantly constraind funding, which would also result in cuts to eligibility and to services that are cut across by Medicaid (www.familiesusa.org). This means that a vast amount of the population would not have health insurance. Unlike Canada, the United States of America does not have free healthcare, thus such legislative action would peril the lives of many of its citizens. The Affordable Care Act makes many provisions for people.These include people with the grandfathered plans (plans that were in existence up until March 23rd 2010and havent been changed in ways that substantia lly cut benefits or increase costs for consumers (www.dol.gov.com), those who have a legible insurance plan from work, a legible personal insurance plan, and for cultural and religious reasons.Firstly, Obama Care promotes equality in society. Equality is derived from the term equal. To be equal is to have the same as (www.merriam-webster.com). In this sense, citizens should have the same or a comparatively equal amount of healthcare protection. It is accurate to state that not everyone in the American society is equal. People are at different hierarchies they gather different wages, have different jobs with different benefits, and have different educational backgrounds. Regardless of these disparities, the life of each person should be equally wanted and protected. Healthcare insurance can be quite expensive to purchase. distinguishable factors influence the price of an individuals healthcare insurance premium.These include the medical history of an individual, the location in wh ich the individual resides, the level of coverage, the allowable and co-payments (see, www.sbis.ca). These factors filter a lot of people who wish to purchase health insurance by making their premium unaffordable, or a strain on their way of life. Although, Medicaid is put in place to provide people who cannot afford health insurance with some coverage, Medicaid offers very basic protection and the majority of Americans do not qualify for Medicaid. In the United States of America, or so 44 million people have no health insurance, and another 38 million have inadequate health insurance.This means that near one-third of Americans face each day without the security of knowing that, if and when they need it, medical care is available to them and their families (www.pbs.org). It is unfair to exclude people from having equal medical protection most especially if it is based on the fact that their income is not low enough, and (or) they have poor medical conditions. Obama Care reduces t his disparity, because it prohibits health insurers for charging you more, because of pre-existing health conditions.Insurers can only charge an individual based on whether it is an individual coverage or a coverage for double people, where the person lives, the age of the person, and if the person uses tobacco (www.obamacarefacts.com). The implementation of these criterias is projected to enable thirty million uninsured people purchase health insurance (www.obamacarefacts.com). This creates vast more equality in society, with relation to medical care. Thus, it is unmingled that Obama Care promotes equality in the American society.Secondly, Obama Care enables freedom. Obama Care places health care insurance on a subsidized, and competitive private market. This provides more citizens with the opportunity to compare and select the type of healthcare insurance plan the need, want and will purchase. Obama Care expands and improves Medicaid. It provides citizens with the opportunity to keep their current insurance plan if they like it and provided that it complies with the terms of the Affordable Care Act, or it has Grandfathered stead(www.obamacarefacts.com).Additionally, if you have government based insurance then you are covered (www.pbs.org). Therefore, Obama Care enables citizens with not just the freedom to purchase sufficient medical coverage, but also the freedom to keep their healthcare insurance if it already provides them with sufficient coverage.Thirdly, Obama Care creates solidarity. Solidarity is a unity or agreement of imprint or action, especially among individuals with a common interest mutual oblige within a group. The implementation of Obama Care means the vast majority of Americans will have medical coverage. Every legal American citizen contributes to Obama Care. smart evaluatees were implemented for the citizens of America because of Obama Care. The new task related provisions in the Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) include tax hikes, limits to deductions, tax credits, tax breaks, and other changes (www.obamacarefacts.com).This is because, Obama Care includes many new benefits, rights, and protections including the requirement for health insurers to cover people with pre-existing conditions. It also expands access to affordable health insurance to almost 50 million low-to-middle income men, women, and children across the commonwealth by crack reduced premiums via tax credits and expanding Medicaid and CHIP. Expanding the quality, affordability and availability of health insurance (along with other aspects of the law) come at a high cost. Assuming all tax provisions remain in place, the revenue generated from these new taxes help to cover the costs of the program and reduces the deficit. (www.obamacarefacts.com). This shows that with Obama Care, health insurance is no longer a premium paid based on your age, gender, medical history, and location. This plan ensures that American citizens will be working in uniso n to make health insurance affordable for one another, and are workingtogether to reduce the deficit and better the American economy.Although the Affordable Care Act appears to be a progressive solution for the United States of America, some people do not agree with the implementation of Obama Care. The most prominent opponent of the Affordable Care Act is the Republican Party of the United States of America. They argue that the implementation of Obama Care will iincrease health care costs, cause insurance premiums to rise, hurts the quality of health care, create nearly $570 billion in tax hikes, and conduct over $500 billion to the debt (www.gop.com). Personally, I do not take for the argument of the Republican Party. Although Obama Care might cause all of the stated, the benefit is greater than the cost. The change in cost does not seem to be substantial enough to cause great distress to the majority of American citizens, and whatever initial debt Obama Care may cost will be pa id off in the long run.Furthermore, this Act is for the benefit of the greater good, and it enables most citizens to live a better lifestyle. In conclusion, the Affordable Care Act promotes equality, enables freedom, and creates solidarity in the United States of America. It is evident that this legislation is popular, because its founding principles rest on equality, freedom and solidarity. No consensus exists on how to define democracy, but equality, freedom and rule of law have been identified as important characteristics since antediluvian patriarch times (Wikipedia.ca).The United States of America is not only a democratic country, but also one of the superpowers of the world. Such a dignified country should always aim to maximize the comfort and welfare of its citizens. The goal of Obama Care is to maximize the comfort and welfare of American citizens which is how it should be.

How Can the Uncertainty Map Help Managers Essay

1. How can the hesitancy map help tutors?Pearsons un deduction map provides a framework for analyzing and catching uncertainty in the innovation process. It addresses the nature of the uncertainty and the way it changes over time, and provides managers with knowledge to get along a decision and transform ideas into innovation. It also determines the type of management skills compulsory for unalike degrees of uncertainty.The framework separates uncertainty into four quadrants based on basal characterizationsa. uncertainty to the highest degree ends the eventual target of the intentb. uncertainty about means how to achieve the targetDrawn on two axes, uncertainty about ends appears on the vertical axis, about means on the horizontal. The axes past divide producing four quadrants, namely quarter-circle 1, also known as exploratory or Blue Sky Research is where there is no clear definition of the target or the means. Here, the organization is experimenting with unfamiliar tec hnologies, and unsung markets or products. Depending on the manager, ideas and turnments may be immediately recognizable as possible commercial products. A technical manager may understand a technology still a commercial manager susceptibility see a wide range of commercial opportunities. Quadrant 2 bears the label, Developmental Engineering. It contains ongoing activity within say, manufacturing companies that continually examine drudgery processes looking for inefficiencies and ways to reduce costs. Here the target is clear but means are unidentified. The company may start several different projects riveted on different technologies or approaches along the way so there is considerable uncertainty about how to reach the target. A manager will require special project management skills here to stop up either project delivery within budget, or cancellation to avoid escalating costs. Quadrant 3 is the Applications Engineering dimension in which there is somewhat much certainty about how the business will achieve the target, but less(prenominal) certainty regarding the ends. Here they explore the potential uses of known technology, and management efforts center on which markets to enter, as well as discovering how to use the technology about effectively. Quadrant 4 is the dimension with the most certainty. Activities here center largely on improving existing products or creating new products through a combination of market opportunity and technical capability. This is where companies use innovation to develop new product designs that use minimal and new technology, but dramatically improve appearance and performance. Managers have to make timely decisions because while certainty is highest for them, so it is for the competition. This is where a company can win or retire the race to be first to market, and commercial managers become excited because the project is close t o market with minimal technical newness.

How does Walkers presentations of Womanism Affect Your Interpretation of the Novel? Essay

Alice perambulator is whizz of the most prominent coetaneous writers in America. Her masterpiece, The dissimulation color, wins her Pulitzer Prize for her ideology of womanism. pushcarts womanism has foursome char acti nonpareilristics anti-sexism, anti- racial discrimination, Afracentrism and humanism. Afracentrism refers to the review of Afro-Ameri squeeze out register and culture while humanism emphasizes on love and forgiveness to both friends and enemies. Through analysis of the scurrilous wo handss plight, struggle, and survival as well as their hope, this idea illustrates four characteristics of womanism.Walkers womanism enriches feminism and provides a bracingborn perspective for understanding wo manpowers liberation. Walker has demonstrated the new perspective by the form of Celies earn. The garnerform used in The Color Purple is not only a literary tool used by Walker to catch the contributors attention and set the story seem more realistic. If one looks at the letters from the perspective of Celie the com mentary takes on a new turn. Celies letters begin when she is raped and silenced with the words of her stepfather You smash not tell any consistency but God. Id kill your mamma.This leaves her with only one way out namely to tell God. And with this act a new door opens into a world of opportunities, freedom and justice. When Celie writes her foremost letter one potful say that a new body is created. Whereas her physical body suffers from violence and rape which is shown in letter one You better shut up and git used to it. But the new invisible body is safe and apprizet be harmed. So her letters work as a second body where the wounds inflicted on her are able to heal and she can develop an identity. Within these letters she is allowed to be as honest as she wants and she can express her feelings, which other than are oppressed. The letters are the only way of finding calculate in an otherwise meaningless existence.In the Color Purple the account statement describes total darkness womens living plight in America and the Olinka ethnic music, much(prenominal) as rape and incest, isolation and desperation, and alienation and absurdity as well. The ghastly womens suffering and misfortune reflect the female consciousness of womanism. The Olinka tribe tiret believe in educating their women, as shown in letter sixty-two The Olinka do not believe girls should be educate, and although in that respectre no reports of abuse against women by men in Netties letters, woman subservience is unchallenged, and the demeaning opening ceremony stretchs without contest. Similarly, this is also shown when Celie was organism denied an education in America after falling pregnant receivable to rape, shown in letter eight You too dumb to keep tone ending to school. In the Olinka tribe women are not allowed to be educated as education leads to knowledge and then dissatisfaction. The Olinka men want the women to continue to work without question, something best achieved when they are uneducated.In the Color Purple it describes sexism and racism in America and the Olinka tribe. Walker explores the interpretation of anti-sexism and anti-racism consciousness of womanism through the letters. In the letters Walker valiantly and determinedly stands up to the pressure exerted upon her for her seek to interpretation and finally eradicate all the iniquity parts of the mysterious world, dedicating the novel to a cause that is the breaking down of all the bondages on the raws. In letter sixty-two the Olinka think a woman is goose egg until she marries and she should stay uneducated as she is inferior to men. This is shown when Nettie was describing the daily life in Africa, A girl is nothing to herself only to her husband can she father something.Black women in The Color Purple along with black men enjoy no equal rights as whites and even racial segregation is carried on extensively in America. In the sout h, black people cant even sit side by side with whites in a car. But it turns out not to be so disparate even in the northern big cities such as in front-looking York, where black people are treated differently from whites as second class citizens, who are called Niggers. In letter fifty-six Nettie writes to Celie most New York What can I tell you about New York or even about the train that took us there Only white people can ride in the beds and use the restaurant. And they have different toilets from colored. Walker deeply penetrates the racial politics employed by racists, and uses Netties journey through America and Africa to illustrate the racial and sexual consciousness of womanism.In the Color Purple Walker discusses the black womens root-seeking travel to Africa which then includes the interpretation of Afracentrism of womanism. Once Afro-Americans entered the United States, they lost their identity. When they stepped foot in the new destroy they had no friends, no re latives, and no culture. Therefore, womanists support Afracentrism which denotes the review of Afro-American history and culture, mainly slavery culture and regression to African culture and tradition. In letter fifty-five, Netties journey to African indicates her search of the lost black identity and culture. The little I knew about my own self wouldnt have filled a thimble illustrates Netties view of her losing her black cultural identity.When she didnt even know that her brothers and sisters were sold from Africa in peck for money she stated that she was ever so ignorant and that she had to learn everything to make herself useful. Through description of Netties root-seeking travel, Walker urges Afro-Americans to promote African culture. In this way Walker hopes to provoke the national consciousness of the blacks, carry forward the famous tradition of Black Nationalism. In letter fifty-seven Nettie expresses her views of the materials do from the black people and that it is hard to imagine that the people who made them dont still exist. Walker illustrated this through Netties letters as she wanted to discard the black peoples ancestors ignorance and prejudice, and finally tone up the national pride and unity of the black people.Through description of almsgiving and beauty of women and redemption of men Walker provides the readers with an ideal living sort for the human beings which show humanism consciousness of womanism. When Celie and Albert were sewing together in letter eighty-seven Walker advocates the spirit of permissiveness where both men and women finally reconcile and accept each other. This shows the theme of liberation and shows that tolerance is a noble human quality and a performance of humanism. Furthermore, this illustrates Walkers ideal living pattern and her desire to build a harmonical world filled with understanding and love, which is shown in the relationship of Albert and Celie.The Purple Color is a successful literary practice o f Walkers womanism and also is a development of feminism in regard to black feminism. Through supporting of anti-racism, anti-sexism, Afracentrism and Humanism, Walker conclusively sets up an ideal harmonious living pattern by celebrating a unity of men and women in spite of their colour and race. A harmonious relationship between men and women, human beings and society, human beings and nature is the recreation of womanism and also is its true implication.

Online Enrollment Related Study

I was able to use the student enrollment system of University of Ulster for the frontborn time and it was a WEB based enrollment system/application. A mesh application or meshing app is an application that is accessed via the Internet or an Intranet. Web applications are popular due to ubiquity of the knob. The ability to modify and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of guest computers are key reasons for their popularity. A signifi contributet advantage of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to finish as specified, regardless of the operating system installed on a presumption client and it enables the students, faculty, and administrators of the institution to gain 24-hour access and use to the proposed system via a client computer without whatsoever needs of installing or distributing any(prenominal) software.The Automated Enrollment System of University of Ulster aims for an accurate, user friendly, efficient system that can help both the student and personnel for fast data affect of enrollment. And now we are going to talk whether we have achieved that aim or not. I was able to use the student enrollment system of University of Ulster for the first time and it was a WEB based enrollment system/application. A web application or web app is an application that is accessed via the Internet or an Intranet. Web applications are popular due to ubiquity of the client.The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers are key reasons for their popularity. A significant advantage of building web applications to support a standard browser feature is the ability to achieve as specified, regardless of the operating system installed on a accustomed client and it enables the students, faculty, and administrators of the institution to gain 24-hour access and use to the proposed system via a client computer without any needs of installing or distributing any software.

Sprint Financial Condition

bolt Nextel Corporation is the third largest wireless communication theory company in the United States offering a comprehensive mental image of wireless and wireline communications products and services that are designed to meet the needs of individual consumers, businesses, and government subscribers. run Nextel Corporation has seen revenues shrink from $35. 6 one million million to 32. 3 billion, though the company was able to grow net income from a loss of $2. 8 billion to a smaller loss of $2. billion. A reduction in the percentage of sales devoted to selling, general and administrative costs from 31. 5% to 29. 30% was a key component in the bottom line growth in the face of falling revenues. Although debt as a percent of total capital increased at Sprint Nextel Corporation over the last fiscal year, it is still in-line with the wireless telecom services industrys norm. Additionally, there are enough transparent assets to satisfy current obligations.Accounts Receivable i s typical for the industry, with an average 40 mean solar day average collection period. Last, inventories seem to be well managed as the bloodline processing period is typical for the industry, at 18 days. In forged economic clock times, Sprint is generating substantial cash and reducing costs to date to remain financially sound. They have cash on hand to be able to meet their debt requirements. The company is expected to continue generating positive escaped cash flow during 2009.Sprint Nextel Corporation has been having a rough time trying to keep up with its competitions, AT&T and Verizon. Sprint Nextel has been circuit board loss after loss, loss in profit, loss in publication of subscribers, and so on, but despite how things come in on the surface, analyst appear to be optimistic with the future outcome of Sprint Nextel financial position. there is no indication as to how long it will take Sprint Nextel to accomplish this goal, the numbers are consistently moving in a positive direction.

A Synopsis of the Movie Twilight: New Moon

twilight New Moon *Mise*-en- diorama Title Twilight New Moon year 2009 Director Chris Weitz Writers Stephanie M nerver (novelist) and Melissa Rosenburg (screenplay) Actors/Actresses Robert Pattinson-Edward Cullen, Kristen Stewart-Bella Swan, Taylor Lautner-Jacob Black, Ashley Greene-Alice Cullen Synopsis This movie is the sequel to Twilight, which was a major hit in 2008. In the first movie Bella Swan fall in love with a vampire. The vampire, Edward Cullen, is very cheerive of Bella and tries to keep her safe.In New Moon Edward feels that the only way to protect Bella is to break her impertinence so she wont fol wiped out(p) him. However after Edward leaves Bella comes face to face with danger and the only protection she has is her long-time friend Jacob who she realizes is a werewolf. By the end of the movie Bella is torn between her love for the werewolf and the vampire. summary My focus is on scene nine where Bella is confronted by the Cullens vampire rival, LaRon. LaRons intent is to kill Bella now that Edward has left hand her defenseless.The scene is trim in the meadow where Edward first appeared to Bella in his true radiation diagram. When the sunlight shined on Edward his skin glistened like diamonds. At that time the meadow was beautiful, the grass was green, the flowers were in vibrant full bloom, and the sunlight shined down so bright. Now that Edward has left the meadow is dead, the grass has turned brown, all the flowers are g nonpareil, and the lighting is low and gloomy. I like to think of this as a metaphor to Bellas spirit how it was alive and vibrant with Edwards presence and is now shadowy and a part of her has died.Also you see her in a insecure position being face to face with LaRon without Edward being there to protect her like before. Then Jacob appears in the scene in his werewolf form to protect Bella. However at this moment she does not realize it is Jacob. present we are seeing Jacob in his true form appear to Bella hon est as Edward did for the first time and in the same location. It almost seems as though Jacob has taken on Edwards role in Bellas world. There is one shot where the rest of the wolf pack outlet on to kill LaRon and Jacob stops and turns his focus to Bella for one moment and so moves on.At this moment Bella is mere feet away from this massive wolf only if she stands there and looks back at the creature. The up-close shot of the wolfs eye as he is gazing at Bella shows her reflection and you can feel his benignant nature. This is where it all came together for me and I thought Bella had pieced together the clues but I wasnt until two scenes later that she realized it had been Jacob that rescued her. In one still frame the full shot conveyed danger, protection, love, and loss. This was a very well-organized scene and I think it worked well in the movie and added drama and throb for the audience.

Fungi with Focus on Subdivision Zygomycotina and Ascomycotina

Fungi comprises a vast and varied throng of organisms that stomach third estate characteristics with both the lower plants (algae) and lower animals but be non related to apiece other(1, a, b,c). They contain true mitochondria and a membrane-en closed(a) nucleus. They bugger off no chlorophyll and chloroplast. Reproduction is achieved through sexual and asexual means(12). intimately kingdom Fungi grow as subsectioned tubular systems, or mycelia, whose individual(a) filaments or hyphae atomic procedure 18 surrounded by rigid cell w solelys containing chitin, cellulose, or both, and other polysaccharides. All fungus kingdom lack photosynthetic ability and be suffice require pre scoreed organic compounds(2).Prior to the development of fungus kingdom in the microscope in the 1600s, the exactly fungi described were the higher fungi that have large fruit structures, such as morels, mushrooms, and puffballs. In 1836, the study of fungi was termed mycology (a branch of botan y). The distinct groups of fungi are classified according to their means of sexual imitation, conduct cycle exhibited, growth and developmental stages, and means of asexual propagation(4). Two social class System Myxomycota and Eumycota. Ainsworth constructed a two- partitioning system for fungithe kingdom is split up into two groups, namely Division Myxomycota and Division Eumycota.In Division Myxomycota, the fungi grow as multinucleate amoeboid plasmodia and produce motile uninucleate amobae, as well as biflagellate cells. The so called true fungi are placed in Division Eumycota. The evolutionary relations for this division whitethorn be described as a single phyletic series, except for Oomycetes(6). Eumycota and Subdivisions. The Division Eumycota is subdivided into subdivison Mastigomycotina, subdivision Basidiomycotina, subdivision Deuteromycota, subdivision Zygomycotina, and Ascomycotina. In subdivision Mastigomycotina, the fungi produce motile spores called zoospores, with one or two flagella.The subdivision Basidiomycotina overwhelms members producing haplontic sexual spores called basidiospores on a specialized cell called the basidium. The subdivision Deuteromycotina includes all fungi that lack know sexual reproductive structures. most fungi that cannot be classified fall under this subdivision. The subdivision Zygomycotina has a single class, Zygomycetes and this class includes fungibread molds or pin moldsthat typically produce an abundant or aerial, coenocytic mycelium and are common causes for the decay of of nutrients and rich sources of organic material.The subdivision Ascomycotina (formerly the class Ascomycetes) includes all true fungi in which sexual facsimile results in ascospores, produced indoors specialized structures called an ascus(7). Zygomycotina. The subdivision Zygomycotina has cell hem ins containing chitin as a unproblematic component. They reproduce asexually by means of non-motile spores called sporangiospores pr oduced in the sporangia formed on branches (sporangiophores) of the mycelium. In well-nigh species, such as the Rhizopus nigrificans, the sporangia arise in clusters with rhizoids at the base and hyphal strands or stolons interconnecting the clusters.The spores are released by the breakdown of the sporangial wall of the sporangial wall and dispersed by air /wind or water current. They grow by direct outgrowth of hyphal tube to produce a newfangled mycelium. Rhizoids anchor the fungi to the substrate, acting like roots, thus releasing the enzymes essential to breakdown the substrate and absorbing the broken down nutrients (1). sexual copy may occur amidst different parts of the mycelium (homothallic mating) or between two sterile strains/cells of opposite mating pillow slip. The latter is regulated by a single pair of genes or alleles.One gene is said to be the plus mating type and the other the minus mating type (8). The gametangia, or the sex organs, fuse to form a dormant, thick-walled pigmented and often mold fertilized ovum called the zygospore. The mature zygospores eventually germinate to produce the new monoploid mycelium. The representatives for this subdivision are members of the Rhizopus species like R. oligosporus and R. stolonifer(2). The genetic regulation of sexual reproduction in fungi was number 1 discovered in Zygomycetes by Albert Blakeslee, who coined the terms homothallism and heterothallism to describe the two opposite mating types.Both are known to be common in throughout the kingdom. Ascomycotina. The subdivision Ascomycotina have chitinous cell walls. In some ascomycetes, male structures (antheridia) and female structures (ascogonia) are produced. The antheridia donate nuclei to the ascogonia by fusion with a receptive filament, the trichogyne. In others, the alike(p) function may be accomplished by conidia (asexual spores that can overly serve as fertilizing elements) or by hyphal fusion. The parental nuclei in the ascogo nium get in touch in the ascogonium and enter the hyphal branches that grow out from it wi splendid a development fruiting body called the ascocarp.The paired parental nuclei divide synchronously (conjugate division) in specialized hyphae with binucleate cells (ascogenous hyphae). The tip cells of the ascogenous hyphae form a hook in which the haploid parental nuclei fuse to produce a diploid zygote nucleus. The zygote nucleus immediately undergoes meiotic division to produce iv haploid nuclei in the enlarging cell, called the ascus at this type of development. In most cases the a mitotic nuclear division then doubles the number of nuclei per ascus, after which each nucleus is enclosed in a cell wall to form the ascospores.The hypahe have simple washer-shaped septa with a central pore and the asexual reproduction occurs by formation of non-motile spores conidia, oidia, arthrospores and others that are usually produced on specialized branches called conidiophores. several(prenom inal) classes of ascomycetes exist. The class Hemiascomycetes includes the unicellular or mycelial yeast. The class class Plectomycetes includes several economically important fungi that form their asci in small, simple, closed fruiting structures (cleisthothecia).The powdery mildews are all obligate parasites of higher plants and are largely host-specific. A second major group of plectomycetes include the commercially utilizable genera genus genus genus Aspergillus and genus Penicillium,as well as important pathogens of plants and humans. Sexual reproduction is relatively rare among species of Aspergillus (185 species) and Penicillium (14 species). Aspergillus produces gyves of pigmented, asexual conidia on the surface of an inflated region of a branch called a conidiophore.Conidium formation is similar similar in Penicillium, but the conidiopore is ramify to form a brushlike structure (penicillus) instead of having an inflated vesicle. The conidia are connected by chains in coni diophores but are right away dispersed by air currents. The green, black, yellow and gray colonies of these common microfungi are the results of the color of the huge number of pigmented conidia produced on the surface. All fungi in class Pyrenomycetes produce asci and ascospore sas an organized hymenial layer in a fruiting body called perithecium.The perithecium is a small flask-shaped structure with a thin wall that surrounds a basal tuft of asci with the opening at the crystallize called an ostiole. The ascospores are typically discharged from the tips of the asci as they sequentially protrude from the ostiole. The perithecia may form separate structures on the mycelium, or they may lie sound below the surface of a larger mass of sterile hyphae called stroma(10). In addition to their roles in the decay of plant and animal residues and in food spoilage, these fungi (h,j) are of great significance to humans in many other ways.Aspergillus fumugatus, a common inhabitant of the hea ted compost, can cause respiratory disease in humans, and a number of related species may produce aflatoxin, a tumor inducing alkaloid, in poorly stored frowsty grain(9. ) A. flavus and A. parasiticus produces aflatoxin, B1 (f), B2 (g), G1 and G2, the first mentioned creation the most toxic (a, b,c). The disease caused by Aspergillus is termed as aspergillosis characterized by allergy and infection-like symptoms (3,4). The potential threat of Aspergillus as biological weapon of mass destruction is still being investigated (d-j).Species of both Penicillium and Aspergillus are used extensively in commercial fermentations. Camembert cheese derives its flavor from Penicillium camemberti, and Roquefort from P. roqueforti. Soy sauce is fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or A. soyae. This class also includes other species that cause disease in humans, animals and plants (4, j) for example the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi is responsible for the Dutch Elm disease, other species cause a wilt dis ease in oaks and still others reduce the quality in number (3, l). Antibiotics were first fist produced using penicillin from P.notatum the antibiotic activity of this fungus was first described by Alexander Fleming in 1929. Only through a joint effort of British and American scientists during the World War II, except was the industrial-scale production achieved, by using a better strains of P. chrysogenum. A huge antibiotic industry has since developed. . Various microfungi are used to produced a number of organic acidsgluconic, itaconic and citric acids (d,e, m), for exampleand in other chemical processes. citric acid fermentation yields about 99,000 each year.Penicilliums uses do not extend to cheese and to antibiotics alone but also in cultivationserves as grunge bioinoculant. Ochratoxin is produced by P. viridicatum and P. verrucosum. Selected Bibliography I. Books 1. Ainsworth, G. C. (1976). Introduction to the History of Mycology. New York trick Wiley & Sons, In 2. Alexop oulas, C. J. Introductory Mycology. (1979). NY Wentworth Pub, Inc. 3. Bulmer, G. C. (1979). Introduction to Medical Mycology. London Academic puppy love. 4. Christensen, M. C. (1975). Molds, Mushrooms and Mycotoxins. NY Plenum Press 5. Emmons, C. W. , Binford, J. P.Utz, J. P. , and Kwon-Chung, K. J. , 1977. Medical Mycology. New England UP. 6. Garraway, M. O. and Evans, R. C. , Fungal Nutrition and Physiology. 1984. London Academic Press. 7. colour, W. D. Alexopoulus, C. J.. biology of Myxomycetes. 1968. NY Wentworth Pub, Inc. 8. Grolier Encyclopedia. (1993). Grolier International Inc. 9. Raper KB, Fennell DI. , 1965 The genus Aspergillus . Baltimore, Maryland Williams and Wilkins. 10. Webster, J. Introduction to Fungi. 1980. NY WMC Inc. II. Journals a. Asan A, Ekmekci S. , 1994 The determination of Penicillium and Aspergillus species in Edirnesoils and their seasonal distribution Tr J Biol 18291-303 b. El-Said AHM. , 1994 Studies on soil mycoflora of Bahreen Microbiol Res 149263 -269 c. Fresquez PR. , 1990 Fungi associated with soils collected beneath and between pinon and juniper canopies in New Mexico Great Basin Naturalist 50167-172 d. Ghildiyal JC. , 1993 Mycoflora of decomposing leaf litter in a subtropical freshwater flood out Proc Nat Acad Sci India 63 (B)H 207-211 e. Joffe AZ. , 1967 The mycoflora of a light soil in a citrous fruit fertilizer trial in Israel Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 32209-230 f. Kamal Gupta ML, Kumar P., 1979 Aspergilli from soils of Gorakhpur 9 Edaphic factors and distribution in 4 soil types against plane cover Indian J Mycol define Pathol 956-65 gKhallil AM, Abdel-Sater MA. , 1993 Fungi from water, soil, and air polluted by industrial effluents of Manquabad superphosphate pulverisation (Assuit, Egypt) J Basic Microbiol 3183- 100 h. Klich M. , 1998 Soil fungi of some low-altitude desert cotton fields and ability of their extracts to inhibit Aspergillus flavus Mycopathologia 14297-100 i. Rutherford JM, Huang LH. , 1994 A study of fungi of remote sediments in West Virginia cavesand a comparing with reported species in the literature NSS Bulletin 5638-45 j. Steiman R, Guiraud P, Sage L, Seigle-Murandi F, Lafond J-L. , 1995 Mycoflora of soil around the Dead Sea I-Ascomycetes (including Aspergillus and Penicillium), Basidiomycetes, Zygomycetes System Appl Microbiol 18310-317 l. Sulun Y, Hasenekoglu I. , 1993 A study on Aspergillus Mich. ex. Fr. and Penicillium Link ex. Gray flora of the soils of northeast Anatolia, Turkiye Doga-Tr J Biol 1749-60 m. Yaguchi T, Someya A, Udagawa SI. , 1994 Fennellia flavipes and Neosartorya stiamenia, two new records from japan Mycoscience 35175-178